News that a colleague's baby has taken some first tentative steps usually merits little more than polite congratulations or an obligatory glance at some e-mailed images. When Nadrian ("Ned")
C. Seeman and William B. Sherman of New York University recently made such an announcement, however, it earned coverage in several scientific journals. The attention had to
do with the new walker's size, which is very small for its age-or any age. A pair of legs and feet constructed from DNA strands, the walker stands just 10 nanometers tall-or roughly 1/25,000
the diameter of the period that concludes this sentence. Seeman says the walker's stroll along a DNA sidewalk is "a natural outgrowth of work that's been done before. Seeman and Sherman, who christened their pride and joy A Precisely Controlled DNA Biped Walking Device, make
clear that the walker has no practical application. And even, though he calls it "the robot, Seeman seems wary of characterizing it as a harbinger of submicroscopic automation. He does, however, see the possibility of some practical uses. "We're going to look at longer sidewalks," he says. "Eventually we might have it try to carry a load. We'll probably also look into using it for
polymer deformation-maybe using circular sidewalks and have them holding strands and twisting or braiding them." Bragging rights and applications aside, Seeman sees the walker as
one more event in an accelerating series that is transforming nanotechnology from science
fiction to science fact-developments that are making nanotechnology a very exciting field to be in right now. "I figured out this was going to be fun in 1980," Seeman says. "Now that I've been working in this area for nearly a quarter of a century, it's really starting to snowball."
Nanotechnology-engineering at the molecular level to create useful substances and devices-is no longer just the stuff of rumour and futuristic visions. It has begun to spawn viable businesses and useful products, and it's already touching our lives in many ways Nanotech products may
be found in the car you drive and in the paint on your walls. They are enhancing medical diagnostics, improving the composition of building materials and plastics, and paving the way
for radical breakthroughs in electronics and computer technology. Make no mistake: Engineering on very small scales is a very big deal The Nano Business Alliance, an industry trade
organization, predicts a global market for nanotech products and services of $1 trillion by 2010. The National Science Foundation forecasts that the market in the U.S. alone will reach $1 trillion
by 2016. Most U.S. states have established programs or agencies to encourage nanotechnology research and business development. And the federal government, characterizing nanotechnology.
News that a colleague's baby has taken some first tentative steps usually merits little more than polite congratulations or an obligatory glance at some e-mailed images. When Nadrian ("Ned")
C. Seeman and William B. Sherman of New York University recently made such an announcement, however, it earned coverage in several scientific journals. The attention had to
do with the new walker's size, which is very small for its age-or any age. A pair of legs and feet constructed from DNA strands, the walker stands just 10 nanometers tall-or roughly 1/25,000
the diameter of the period that concludes this sentence. Seeman says the walker's stroll along a DNA sidewalk is "a natural outgrowth of work that's been done before. Seeman and Sherman, who christened their pride and joy A Precisely Controlled DNA Biped Walking Device, make
clear that the walker has no practical application. And even, though he calls it "the robot, Seeman seems wary of characterizing it as a harbinger of submicroscopic automation. He does, however, see the possibility of some practical uses. "We're going to look at longer sidewalks," he says. "Eventually we might have it try to carry a load. We'll probably also look into using it for
polymer deformation-maybe using circular sidewalks and have them holding strands and twisting or braiding them." Bragging rights and applications aside, Seeman sees the walker as
one more event in an accelerating series that is transforming nanotechnology from science
fiction to science fact-developments that are making nanotechnology a very exciting field to be in right now. "I figured out this was going to be fun in 1980," Seeman says. "Now that I've been working in this area for nearly a quarter of a century, it's really starting to snowball."
Nanotechnology-engineering at the molecular level to create useful substances and devices-is no longer just the stuff of rumour and futuristic visions. It has begun to spawn viable businesses and useful products, and it's already touching our lives in many ways Nanotech products may
be found in the car you drive and in the paint on your walls. They are enhancing medical diagnostics, improving the composition of building materials and plastics, and paving the way
for radical breakthroughs in electronics and computer technology. Make no mistake: Engineering on very small scales is a very big deal The Nano Business Alliance, an industry trade
organization, predicts a global market for nanotech products and services of $1 trillion by 2010. The National Science Foundation forecasts that the market in the U.S. alone will reach $1 trillion
by 2016. Most U.S. states have established programs or agencies to encourage nanotechnology research and business development. And the federal government, characterizing nanotechnology.
News that a colleague's baby has taken some first tentative steps usually merits little more than polite congratulations or an obligatory glance at some e-mailed images. When Nadrian ("Ned")
C. Seeman and William B. Sherman of New York University recently made such an announcement, however, it earned coverage in several scientific journals. The attention had to
do with the new walker's size, which is very small for its age-or any age. A pair of legs and feet constructed from DNA strands, the walker stands just 10 nanometers tall-or roughly 1/25,000
the diameter of the period that concludes this sentence. Seeman says the walker's stroll along a DNA sidewalk is "a natural outgrowth of work that's been done before. Seeman and Sherman, who christened their pride and joy A Precisely Controlled DNA Biped Walking Device, make
clear that the walker has no practical application. And even, though he calls it "the robot, Seeman seems wary of characterizing it as a harbinger of submicroscopic automation. He does, however, see the possibility of some practical uses. "We're going to look at longer sidewalks," he says. "Eventually we might have it try to carry a load. We'll probably also look into using it for
polymer deformation-maybe using circular sidewalks and have them holding strands and twisting or braiding them." Bragging rights and applications aside, Seeman sees the walker as
one more event in an accelerating series that is transforming nanotechnology from science
fiction to science fact-developments that are making nanotechnology a very exciting field to be in right now. "I figured out this was going to be fun in 1980," Seeman says. "Now that I've been working in this area for nearly a quarter of a century, it's really starting to snowball."
Nanotechnology-engineering at the molecular level to create useful substances and devices-is no longer just the stuff of rumour and futuristic visions. It has begun to spawn viable businesses and useful products, and it's already touching our lives in many ways Nanotech products may
be found in the car you drive and in the paint on your walls. They are enhancing medical diagnostics, improving the composition of building materials and plastics, and paving the way
for radical breakthroughs in electronics and computer technology. Make no mistake: Engineering on very small scales is a very big deal The Nano Business Alliance, an industry trade
organization, predicts a global market for nanotech products and services of $1 trillion by 2010. The National Science Foundation forecasts that the market in the U.S. alone will reach $1 trillion
by 2016. Most U.S. states have established programs or agencies to encourage nanotechnology research and business development. And the federal government, characterizing nanotechnology.
News that a colleague's baby has taken some first tentative steps usually merits little more than polite congratulations or an obligatory glance at some e-mailed images. When Nadrian ("Ned")
C. Seeman and William B. Sherman of New York University recently made such an announcement, however, it earned coverage in several scientific journals. The attention had to
do with the new walker's size, which is very small for its age-or any age. A pair of legs and feet constructed from DNA strands, the walker stands just 10 nanometers tall-or roughly 1/25,000
the diameter of the period that concludes this sentence. Seeman says the walker's stroll along a DNA sidewalk is "a natural outgrowth of work that's been done before. Seeman and Sherman, who christened their pride and joy A Precisely Controlled DNA Biped Walking Device, make
clear that the walker has no practical application. And even, though he calls it "the robot, Seeman seems wary of characterizing it as a harbinger of submicroscopic automation. He does, however, see the possibility of some practical uses. "We're going to look at longer sidewalks," he says. "Eventually we might have it try to carry a load. We'll probably also look into using it for
polymer deformation-maybe using circular sidewalks and have them holding strands and twisting or braiding them." Bragging rights and applications aside, Seeman sees the walker as
one more event in an accelerating series that is transforming nanotechnology from science
fiction to science fact-developments that are making nanotechnology a very exciting field to be in right now. "I figured out this was going to be fun in 1980," Seeman says. "Now that I've been working in this area for nearly a quarter of a century, it's really starting to snowball."
Nanotechnology-engineering at the molecular level to create useful substances and devices-is no longer just the stuff of rumour and futuristic visions. It has begun to spawn viable businesses and useful products, and it's already touching our lives in many ways Nanotech products may
be found in the car you drive and in the paint on your walls. They are enhancing medical diagnostics, improving the composition of building materials and plastics, and paving the way
for radical breakthroughs in electronics and computer technology. Make no mistake: Engineering on very small scales is a very big deal The Nano Business Alliance, an industry trade
organization, predicts a global market for nanotech products and services of $1 trillion by 2010. The National Science Foundation forecasts that the market in the U.S. alone will reach $1 trillion
by 2016. Most U.S. states have established programs or agencies to encourage nanotechnology research and business development. And the federal government, characterizing nanotechnology.
News that a colleague's baby has taken some first tentative steps usually merits little more than polite congratulations or an obligatory glance at some e-mailed images. When Nadrian ("Ned")
C. Seeman and William B. Sherman of New York University recently made such an announcement, however, it earned coverage in several scientific journals. The attention had to
do with the new walker's size, which is very small for its age-or any age. A pair of legs and feet constructed from DNA strands, the walker stands just 10 nanometers tall-or roughly 1/25,000
the diameter of the period that concludes this sentence. Seeman says the walker's stroll along a DNA sidewalk is "a natural outgrowth of work that's been done before. Seeman and Sherman, who christened their pride and joy A Precisely Controlled DNA Biped Walking Device, make
clear that the walker has no practical application. And even, though he calls it "the robot, Seeman seems wary of characterizing it as a harbinger of submicroscopic automation. He does, however, see the possibility of some practical uses. "We're going to look at longer sidewalks," he says. "Eventually we might have it try to carry a load. We'll probably also look into using it for
polymer deformation-maybe using circular sidewalks and have them holding strands and twisting or braiding them." Bragging rights and applications aside, Seeman sees the walker as
one more event in an accelerating series that is transforming nanotechnology from science
fiction to science fact-developments that are making nanotechnology a very exciting field to be in right now. "I figured out this was going to be fun in 1980," Seeman says. "Now that I've been working in this area for nearly a quarter of a century, it's really starting to snowball."
Nanotechnology-engineering at the molecular level to create useful substances and devices-is no longer just the stuff of rumour and futuristic visions. It has begun to spawn viable businesses and useful products, and it's already touching our lives in many ways Nanotech products may
be found in the car you drive and in the paint on your walls. They are enhancing medical diagnostics, improving the composition of building materials and plastics, and paving the way
for radical breakthroughs in electronics and computer technology. Make no mistake: Engineering on very small scales is a very big deal The Nano Business Alliance, an industry trade
organization, predicts a global market for nanotech products and services of $1 trillion by 2010. The National Science Foundation forecasts that the market in the U.S. alone will reach $1 trillion
by 2016. Most U.S. states have established programs or agencies to encourage nanotechnology research and business development. And the federal government, characterizing nanotechnology.
News that a colleague's baby has taken some first tentative steps usually merits little more than polite congratulations or an obligatory glance at some e-mailed images. When Nadrian ("Ned")
C. Seeman and William B. Sherman of New York University recently made such an announcement, however, it earned coverage in several scientific journals. The attention had to
do with the new walker's size, which is very small for its age-or any age. A pair of legs and feet constructed from DNA strands, the walker stands just 10 nanometers tall-or roughly 1/25,000
the diameter of the period that concludes this sentence. Seeman says the walker's stroll along a DNA sidewalk is "a natural outgrowth of work that's been done before. Seeman and Sherman, who christened their pride and joy A Precisely Controlled DNA Biped Walking Device, make
clear that the walker has no practical application. And even, though he calls it "the robot, Seeman seems wary of characterizing it as a harbinger of submicroscopic automation. He does, however, see the possibility of some practical uses. "We're going to look at longer sidewalks," he says. "Eventually we might have it try to carry a load. We'll probably also look into using it for
polymer deformation-maybe using circular sidewalks and have them holding strands and twisting or braiding them." Bragging rights and applications aside, Seeman sees the walker as
one more event in an accelerating series that is transforming nanotechnology from science
fiction to science fact-developments that are making nanotechnology a very exciting field to be in right now. "I figured out this was going to be fun in 1980," Seeman says. "Now that I've been working in this area for nearly a quarter of a century, it's really starting to snowball."
Nanotechnology-engineering at the molecular level to create useful substances and devices-is no longer just the stuff of rumour and futuristic visions. It has begun to spawn viable businesses and useful products, and it's already touching our lives in many ways Nanotech products may
be found in the car you drive and in the paint on your walls. They are enhancing medical diagnostics, improving the composition of building materials and plastics, and paving the way
for radical breakthroughs in electronics and computer technology. Make no mistake: Engineering on very small scales is a very big deal The Nano Business Alliance, an industry trade
organization, predicts a global market for nanotech products and services of $1 trillion by 2010. The National Science Foundation forecasts that the market in the U.S. alone will reach $1 trillion
by 2016. Most U.S. states have established programs or agencies to encourage nanotechnology research and business development. And the federal government, characterizing nanotechnology.
News that a colleague's baby has taken some first tentative steps usually merits little more than polite congratulations or an obligatory glance at some e-mailed images. When Nadrian ("Ned")
C. Seeman and William B. Sherman of New York University recently made such an announcement, however, it earned coverage in several scientific journals. The attention had to
do with the new walker's size, which is very small for its age-or any age. A pair of legs and feet constructed from DNA strands, the walker stands just 10 nanometers tall-or roughly 1/25,000
the diameter of the period that concludes this sentence. Seeman says the walker's stroll along a DNA sidewalk is "a natural outgrowth of work that's been done before. Seeman and Sherman, who christened their pride and joy A Precisely Controlled DNA Biped Walking Device, make
clear that the walker has no practical application. And even, though he calls it "the robot, Seeman seems wary of characterizing it as a harbinger of submicroscopic automation. He does, however, see the possibility of some practical uses. "We're going to look at longer sidewalks," he says. "Eventually we might have it try to carry a load. We'll probably also look into using it for
polymer deformation-maybe using circular sidewalks and have them holding strands and twisting or braiding them." Bragging rights and applications aside, Seeman sees the walker as
one more event in an accelerating series that is transforming nanotechnology from science
fiction to science fact-developments that are making nanotechnology a very exciting field to be in right now. "I figured out this was going to be fun in 1980," Seeman says. "Now that I've been working in this area for nearly a quarter of a century, it's really starting to snowball."
Nanotechnology-engineering at the molecular level to create useful substances and devices-is no longer just the stuff of rumour and futuristic visions. It has begun to spawn viable businesses and useful products, and it's already touching our lives in many ways Nanotech products may
be found in the car you drive and in the paint on your walls. They are enhancing medical diagnostics, improving the composition of building materials and plastics, and paving the way
for radical breakthroughs in electronics and computer technology. Make no mistake: Engineering on very small scales is a very big deal The Nano Business Alliance, an industry trade
organization, predicts a global market for nanotech products and services of $1 trillion by 2010. The National Science Foundation forecasts that the market in the U.S. alone will reach $1 trillion
by 2016. Most U.S. states have established programs or agencies to encourage nanotechnology research and business development. And the federal government, characterizing nanotechnology.
News that a colleague's baby has taken some first tentative steps usually merits little more than polite congratulations or an obligatory glance at some e-mailed images. When Nadrian ("Ned")
C. Seeman and William B. Sherman of New York University recently made such an announcement, however, it earned coverage in several scientific journals. The attention had to
do with the new walker's size, which is very small for its age-or any age. A pair of legs and feet constructed from DNA strands, the walker stands just 10 nanometers tall-or roughly 1/25,000
the diameter of the period that concludes this sentence. Seeman says the walker's stroll along a DNA sidewalk is "a natural outgrowth of work that's been done before. Seeman and Sherman, who christened their pride and joy A Precisely Controlled DNA Biped Walking Device, make
clear that the walker has no practical application. And even, though he calls it "the robot, Seeman seems wary of characterizing it as a harbinger of submicroscopic automation. He does, however, see the possibility of some practical uses. "We're going to look at longer sidewalks," he says. "Eventually we might have it try to carry a load. We'll probably also look into using it for
polymer deformation-maybe using circular sidewalks and have them holding strands and twisting or braiding them." Bragging rights and applications aside, Seeman sees the walker as
one more event in an accelerating series that is transforming nanotechnology from science
fiction to science fact-developments that are making nanotechnology a very exciting field to be in right now. "I figured out this was going to be fun in 1980," Seeman says. "Now that I've been working in this area for nearly a quarter of a century, it's really starting to snowball."
Nanotechnology-engineering at the molecular level to create useful substances and devices-is no longer just the stuff of rumour and futuristic visions. It has begun to spawn viable businesses and useful products, and it's already touching our lives in many ways Nanotech products may
be found in the car you drive and in the paint on your walls. They are enhancing medical diagnostics, improving the composition of building materials and plastics, and paving the way
for radical breakthroughs in electronics and computer technology. Make no mistake: Engineering on very small scales is a very big deal The Nano Business Alliance, an industry trade
organization, predicts a global market for nanotech products and services of $1 trillion by 2010. The National Science Foundation forecasts that the market in the U.S. alone will reach $1 trillion
by 2016. Most U.S. states have established programs or agencies to encourage nanotechnology research and business development. And the federal government, characterizing nanotechnology.
News that a colleague's baby has taken some first tentative steps usually merits little more than polite congratulations or an obligatory glance at some e-mailed images. When Nadrian ("Ned")
C. Seeman and William B. Sherman of New York University recently made such an announcement, however, it earned coverage in several scientific journals. The attention had to
do with the new walker's size, which is very small for its age-or any age. A pair of legs and feet constructed from DNA strands, the walker stands just 10 nanometers tall-or roughly 1/25,000
the diameter of the period that concludes this sentence. Seeman says the walker's stroll along a DNA sidewalk is "a natural outgrowth of work that's been done before. Seeman and Sherman, who christened their pride and joy A Precisely Controlled DNA Biped Walking Device, make
clear that the walker has no practical application. And even, though he calls it "the robot, Seeman seems wary of characterizing it as a harbinger of submicroscopic automation. He does, however, see the possibility of some practical uses. "We're going to look at longer sidewalks," he says. "Eventually we might have it try to carry a load. We'll probably also look into using it for
polymer deformation-maybe using circular sidewalks and have them holding strands and twisting or braiding them." Bragging rights and applications aside, Seeman sees the walker as
one more event in an accelerating series that is transforming nanotechnology from science
fiction to science fact-developments that are making nanotechnology a very exciting field to be in right now. "I figured out this was going to be fun in 1980," Seeman says. "Now that I've been working in this area for nearly a quarter of a century, it's really starting to snowball."
Nanotechnology-engineering at the molecular level to create useful substances and devices-is no longer just the stuff of rumour and futuristic visions. It has begun to spawn viable businesses and useful products, and it's already touching our lives in many ways Nanotech products may
be found in the car you drive and in the paint on your walls. They are enhancing medical diagnostics, improving the composition of building materials and plastics, and paving the way
for radical breakthroughs in electronics and computer technology. Make no mistake: Engineering on very small scales is a very big deal The Nano Business Alliance, an industry trade
organization, predicts a global market for nanotech products and services of $1 trillion by 2010. The National Science Foundation forecasts that the market in the U.S. alone will reach $1 trillion
by 2016. Most U.S. states have established programs or agencies to encourage nanotechnology research and business development. And the federal government, characterizing nanotechnology.
News that a colleague's baby has taken some first tentative steps usually merits little more than
polite congratulations or an obligatory glance at some e-mailed images. When Nadrian ("Ned")
C. Seeman and William B. Sherman of New York University recently made such an
announcement, however, it earned coverage in several scientific journals. The attention had to
do with the new walker's size, which is very small for its age-or any age. A pair of legs and feet
constructed from DNA strands, the walker stands just 10 nanometers tall-or roughly 1/25,000
the diameter of the period that concludes this sentence. Seeman says the walker's stroll along a
DNA sidewalk is "a natural outgrowth of work that's been done before. Seeman and Sherman,
who christened their pride and joy A Precisely Controlled DNA Biped Walking Device, make
clear that the walker has no practical application. And even, though he calls it "the robot,
Seeman seems wary of characterizing it as a harbinger of submicroscopic automation. He does,
however, see the possibility of some practical uses. "We're going to look at longer sidewalks," he
says. "Eventually we might have it try to carry a load. We'll probably also look into using it for
polymer deformation-maybe using circular sidewalks and have them holding strands and
twisting or braiding them." Bragging rights and applications aside, Seeman sees the walker as
one more event in an accelerating series that is transforming nanotechnology from science
f
iction to science fact-developments that are making nanotechnology a very exciting field to be
in right now. "I figured out this was going to be fun in 1980," Seeman says. "Now that I've been
working in this area for nearly a quarter of a century, it's really starting to snowball."
Nanotechnology-engineering at the molecular level to create useful substances and devices-is
no longer just the stuff of rumour and futuristic visions. It has begun to spawn viable businesses
and useful products, and it's already touching our lives in many ways Nanotech products may
be found in the car you drive and in the paint on your walls. They are enhancing medical
diagnostics, improving the composition of building materials and plastics, and paving the way
for radical breakthroughs in electronics and computer technology. Make no mistake:
Engineering on very small scales is a very big deal The Nano Business Alliance, an industry trade
organization, predicts a global market for nanotech products and services of $l trillion by 2010.
The National Science Foundation forecasts that the market in the U.S. alone will reach $1 trillion
by 2016. Most U.S. states have established programs or agencies to encourage nanotechnology
research and business development. And the federal government, characterizing nanot
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Naloxone Hydrochloride (NARCAN) Class: Opioid Antagonist Dose: • 0.5-2mg dependent on route Route: Intranasal via preload/ MAD device or IM Action: Reverses respiratory depression, sedation, and hypotensive effects of opioid overdose by occupying opiate receptor sites. Onset: IN: 1-2 minutes, IM: 2-5 minutes Duration: IN: 30-60 minutes, IM: Longer Indication: Respiratory depression / respiratory arrest with a suspected narcotic overdose with CNS depression, hypotension, or bradycardia Contraindication: None Special Information: The duration of Narcan is generally less than any opioid. Watch for relapse as long as opioid is still in the patient’s system and be prepared to continue administration
Common law governs all contract disputes unless otherwise governed by the statute. Therefore, the most efficient way to determine what law governs is to conduct a statutory scope analysis.
My approach to answering these disputes is the analytical framework. I will begin with (1) what law govern. (2) after determining what law governs, I will now look for was a contract formed. (3) Having determined that a contract was formed, I will now look for defenses, (4) Having determined that there are no defenses that block the enforcement of the contract, I will now look for what are the terms of the contract. (5) Having determined the terms of the contract, I will now look for a breach, (6) Having determined that there is a breach, are there any legal excuses that forgive that breach, (7) Having determined that there no legal excuses that forgive, what are the remedies, (8) Having determined that there are remedies, I will now look for alternative remedies.
Openly provides premium insurance by delivering truly comprehensive coverage through independent agents without surprise or concern. We do this because we exist to make insurance remarkably simple. Openly is a next-generation insurance provider designed exclusively for and by independent agents. Our cutting-edge technology and products empower agents to deliver a superior customer experience, radically increase agency efficiency, and improve customer satisfaction. Your home is important to you. That's why we designed a product that provides more insurance coverage, is easier to understand, and contains customizable options—so you only pay for what you need.
impl Drop for SeriesExport {
fn drop(&mut self) {
if let Some(release) = self.release {
unsafe { release(self) }
}
}
}
// callback used to drop [SeriesExport] when it is exported.
unsafe extern "C" fn c_release_series_export(e: *mut SeriesExport) {
if e.is_null() {
return;
}
let e = &mut *e;
let private = Box::from_raw(e.private_data as *mut PrivateData);
for ptr in private.arrays.iter() {
// drop the box, not the array
let _ = Box::from_raw(*ptr as *mut ManuallyDrop<ArrowArray>);
}
e.release = None;
}
pub fn export_column(c: &Column) -> SeriesExport {
export_series(c.as_materialized_series())
}
pub fn export_series(s: &Series) -> SeriesExport {
let field = ArrowField::new(
s.name().clone(),
s.dtype().to_arrow(CompatLevel::newest()),
true,
);
let schema = Box::new(ffi::export_field_to_c(&field));
let mut arrays = (0..s.chunks().len())
.map(|i| {
// Make sure we export the logical type.
let arr = s.to_arrow(i, CompatLevel::newest());
Box::into_raw(Box::new(ffi::export_array_to_c(arr.clone())))
})
.collect::<Box<_>>();
let len = arrays.len();
let ptr = arrays.as_mut_ptr();
SeriesExport {
field: schema.as_ref() as *const ArrowSchema as *mut ArrowSchema,
arrays: ptr,
len,
release: Some(c_release_series_export),
private_data: Box::into_raw(Box::new(PrivateData { arrays, schema }))
as *mut std::os::raw::c_void,
}
}
/// # Safety
/// `SeriesExport` must be valid
pub unsafe fn import_series(e: SeriesExport) -> PolarsResult<Series> {
let field = ffi::import_field_from_c(&(*e.field))?;
let pointers = std::slice::from_raw_parts_mut(e.arrays, e.len);
let chunks = pointers
.iter()
.map(|ptr| {
let arr = std::ptr::read(*ptr);
import_array(arr, &(*e.field))
})
.collect::<PolarsResult<Vec<_>>>()?;
Series::try_from((field.name.clone(), chunks))
}
/// # Safety
/// `SeriesExport` must be valid
pub unsafe fn import_series_buffer(e: *mut SeriesExport, len: usize) -> PolarsResult<Vec<Series>> {
let mut out = Vec::with_capacity(len);
for i in 0..len {
let e = std::ptr::read(e.add(i));
out.push(import_series(e)?)
}
Ok(out)
}
By about 4000 B.C.E., some people had settled to farm south of the Sahara. The earliest farming communities were comprised of extended families, which included close relatives, such as grandparents, as well as aunts, uncles, and cousins.
An extended-family community might have had about 15 to 20 members. Each community produced most of the things it required. Family members worked together to clear the fields, plant seeds, and harvest crops. These small communities traded with one another for additional goods. Very likely, one of the male elders made decisions for the family community.
The geography of West Africa influenced the patterns of trade that developed there. Different resources are found in each of the vegetation zones. As a result, people living in different zones had to trade to acquire items they could not provide for themselves. For example, people on the savanna may have traded grains for yams or mahogany from forest dwellers.
While several major rivers served as trading routes in West Africa, the region's longest river, the Niger, became a kind of trading highway. People in ancient times traveled the Niger and other rivers by canoe to trade goods. Some traders also crossed the Sahara from North Africa, but most early trade was among West African settlements.
In the north, West Africa begins in the Sahara. To the west and south, the region is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean. To the east, it is bordered by the mountains of the present-day country of Cameroon. West Africa includes varied vegetation zones of desert, semidesert, savanna, and forest.
The Sahara spreads across approximately 3.5 million square miles in North Africa and the northern part of West Africa. Although sand dunes cover one-quarter of the Sahara, this desert also has bare, rocky plains, and even mountains. The Sahara is very dry except for some scattered oases, or water sources with some vegetation, so it was not a suitable location for large settlements.
People have lived in West Africa for tens of thousands of years. For most of this time, historians do not have written records to study. Muslim scholars first began writing about the kingdom of Ghana in the 800s. By then, Ghana was perhaps 300 years old, and possibly much older. How did the first kingdoms arise? Why did they develop where they did?
To answer questions like these, historians and archaeologists study many kinds of clues. For example, they look closely at geography. Natural features, such as rivers and vegetation, help explain why people chose to settle where they did and what kind of life they created for themselves.
