Joe Biden’s explanation for pardoning his son is that Hunter Biden has been unfairly targeted by the president’s own political enemies in an attempt to politically damage him. That might sound familiar to anyone who has listened to Donald Trump rail against America’s system of justice in recent years. Trump, as he exited the White House in 2021, issued a series of pardons for his close associates and allies who had been swept up in the multiple criminal investigations that encircled him throughout his presidential term. Although he was criticised for his actions at the time, there were little if any political consequences.
Joe Biden’s explanation for pardoning his son is that Hunter Biden has been unfairly targeted by the president’s own political enemies in an attempt to politically damage him. That might sound familiar to anyone who has listened to Donald Trump rail against America’s system of justice in recent years. Trump, as he exited the White House in 2021, issued a series of pardons for his close associates and allies who had been swept up in the multiple criminal investigations that encircled him throughout his presidential term. Although he was criticised for his actions at the time, there were little if any political consequences.
Wendy wore her favorite yellow raincoat as she splashed through the puddles after a heavy downpour. A wobbly umbrella in her hand kept most of the rain away, but her boots were covered in muddy water. She laughed as the wind swirled around her, making the umbrella spin like a whirly top!
HILS, LLC
1234 West Main Street
Chattanooga, Tennessee 37402
4 December 2024
Mr. Client
7707 Kingston Pike
Knoxville, TN 37919
Confidential Attorney/Client Communication
Re: liability for X
Dear Mr. Client:
My deepest condolences on X. I know this is a difficult time, and I appreciate your trust in allowing us to assist you. You recently asked HILS LLC to review your X, which is now disputed by Y.
Although the weight of the law is technically in your favor, there is a possibility that a decision would go against you, especially given the emotional value of the facts of the case. There was a case where a court ruled against X in somewhat similar circumstances.
Therefore, I would like you to read this letter carefully to understand the legal issues. I will first set out the facts as I understand them. Then, I will analyze the pertinent state law and lastly conclude by suggesting possible options I would like you to consider.
The facts described below are based on our interview with you as well as the complaint. You may not agree with some of the facts in the complaint. Yet our analysis has to consider the worst-case scenario as to what Plaintiff may argue in court.
However, if you see any facts that you think are wrong; please let me know. Cases are won and lost based on the facts.
시간, last month, 누가, a minor and an adult, purchased alcohol, 어디서, at your store and consumed it on premises in the store cafe. At first, ~; After paying, ~; Then ~. victim is now suing the A.
As a technical matter, the law says that X are never liable. (General) But the state legislature made two very narrow exceptions: if ~; (Specific, exception)
A B usually means C. However, there is a case where ~, yet ~ (facts). The court held that it did not matter that ~C. (Holding)
The court did not want the B to escape liability for C to A. The court said it would be absurd to ~ (court reasoning) - Negative cases
However, in every other case, where ~ those A were found not liable because ~C. There are examples where (facts). Those A are not liable because they did not C. - Positive cases
Unfortunately, yours are a hard case without a clear outcome. Technically, ~ does not seem liable because ~ .
But (Facts). These facts look bad especially considering how sympathetic the plaintiff looks. A court may not care that you are technically right. At least one court has stretched the law to include a similar scenario.
Hence, here are some options to consider.
First, we could try to get the case;
Second,
Third,
Please note that you have 30 days to respond to the complaint or risk the default judgment entered against you. I would be happy to discuss this matter with you further. Please feel free to call me at 123-456-7890, if you have any questions.
Very truly yours,
HILS LCC
- You asked me to research whether X is liable for Y (detailed facts);
- Specifically, whether main issue;
- Technically, we should win. But the facts look bad and case precedent shows judges sometimes find a way to hold against defendants like us. A jury would be even less sympathetic.
In this case, fact;
As this case hinges on whether “word” definition, this memo will focus on that element.
X may be liable for X because (1) the public policy and legislative intent allow a court to reach this out come; (2) the case law allows a court to reach this outcome; and (3) a court may want to reach this outcome based on the equity of the facts, which weight against our client.
In general, X (code). (101번 내용)
However, Y creates an exception (102번 내용)
The Y was enacted to protect Y like 이름 from liability. (Case name). Moreover, Plaintiff’s burden of proof is very high: beyond a reasonable doubt. Yet, an exception was created to protect A.
Under a plain reading of the word “B,” it seems like Y. However, the term “B” is not defined. Rather, “all relevant circumstances will be considered in determining whether there was a ‘B.’” (Case name)
Our Supreme Court has held that when X, the B has not been liable for C. (Case name) Even the judge in case name, in a later case, when a A, held such facts did not equal a B to that A. Case name. Moreover, as the X abrogated the old common law rule, it is irrelevant whether the A could B. There is no liability unless C.
In contrast, in case name, a judge held A even if B. There, (1); (2); (3). The judge said A is merely one factor to consider and is not dispositive in finding whether there was a A. To hold otherwise would defeat the purpose of the A law if, for example, B.
Here, 팩트 하나씩 찬찬히 쪼개기; Considering there “circumstances,” to effectuate legislative intent to punish “bad actors” and protect A, a court might find that there was B even though C.
Technically, according to our Supreme Court in case name, there has to be A. Legally, it absolutely does not matter whether B. But in the case name, fact — a point the Appellate Court noted in reaching its opposite conclusion in case name.
Moreover, we can argue that from an economic and public policy perspective, a ruling against our client would be harmful to the X the act was mean to protect. It could lead to unforeseen outcomes such as A.
We should also argue that the C li not liable under A law. If a X, like, cannot be liable,why should the C be liable? If the A rather than B, the A would not be liable! Also, we can note that A did the right thing by B and that we have no duty to C.
In conclusion, while, technically, our client should prevail, a court might be tempted to issue an unpublished, non-precedent case as in the case name. If this case goes to a jury, we are even more likely to lose.
Finally, A may wish to coordinate a defense with the B whose members will be affected by a negative decision.
Thank you for the opportunity to research this issue. I wish I had a better answer for our client. Let me know if you’d like any follow up including reaching out to the A.
(somewhat) said that cool down serves before enjoying
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Battery: An act by the defendant which brings about harmful or offensive contact to the plaintiff’s person; 2)Intent on the part of the defendant to bring about harmful or offensive contact to the plaintiff’s person; and 3)Causation.
Assault: "An act by the defendant creating a reasonable apprehension in plaintiff of immediate harmful or offensive contact to plaintiff’s person; 2)Intent on the part of the defendant to bring about in the plaintiff apprehension of immediate harmful or offensive contact with the plaintiff’s person; and 3)Causation."
False Imprisonment: An act or omission to act on the part of the defendant that confines or restrains the plaintiff to a bounded area;
2)Intent on the part of the defendant to confine or restrain the plaintiff to a bounded area; and 3)Causation. Sufficient Methods of Confinement or Restraint Actionable confinement or restraint may result in a variety of ways. The following should be noted:
1) Physical Barriers Defendant may falsely imprison plaintiff by confining him through the use of physical barriers.
2) Physical Force. False imprisonment will result where plaintiff is restrained by the use of physical force directed at him or a member of his immediate family. An action may also lie if the force is directed against plaintiff’s property. Invalid Use of Legal Authority
The invalid use of legal authority amounts to false imprisonment if it results in a confinement of plaintiff.
a) False Arrests: An action for false imprisonment does not lie for an arrest or a detention made by virtue of legal process duly issued by a court or official having jurisdiction to issue it. However, where an arrest by a police officer or private citizen for a criminal offense without a warrant is unlawful (i.e., not privileged), it may constitute false imprisonment. (1) When Arrests Are Privileged (a) Felony Arrests Without Warrant A felony arrest without a warrant by a police officer (or a private citizen acting at the officer’s direction) is valid if the officer has reasonable grounds to believe that a felony has been committed and that the person arrested has committed it. Such an arrest by a private person will be privileged only if a felony has in fact been committed and the private person has reasonable grounds for believing that the person arrested has committed it.
(b) Misdemeanor Arrests Without Warrant. Both police officers and private citizens are privileged for misdemeanor arrests without a warrant if the misdemeanor was a breach of the peace and was committed in the presence of the arresting party. (Note that in most states, police officers have a broader statutory privilege of arrest for any misdemeanor committed in their presence.) (c) Arrests to Prevent a Crime Without a Warrant Where a felony or breach of the peace is in the process of being, or reasonably appears about “Shoplifting” Detentions Are Privileged What if a shopkeeper suspects someone of shoplifting and detains that individual to ascertain whether this is the case? He may be liable for false imprisonment. But if he does nothing and permits the suspect to simply leave the premises, the merchandise and all possibilities of proving theft will be lost. Hence, by statute in some states and case law in others, shopkeepers have been given a privilege to detain for investigation. For the privilege to apply, the following conditions must be satisfied: (1) There must be a reasonable belief as to the fact of theft; (2) The detention must be conducted in a reasonable manner and only nondeadly force can be used; and (3) The detention must be only for a reasonable period of time and only for the purpose of making an investigation.
Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress: "An act by defendant amounting to extreme and outrageous conduct; 2) Intent on the part of defendant to cause plaintiff to suffer severe emotional distress, or recklessness as to the effect of defendant’s conduct;
3)Causation; and 4)Damages—severe emotional distress." Extreme and Outrageous Conduct 1) Some Courts Reluctant to Recognize Tort This tort covers those situations where the defendant intentionally “shocks” the plaintiff but there is no physical injury or threat thereof. Some states have been reluctant to recognize this as a cause of action because of the difficulty of proving “shock” (and the ease with which it could be falsified), the speculative nature of the damage, and fear of a flood of litigation. 2) Liability Limited by Requiring Proof of Outrageous Conduct To protect against potential abuses, the courts will limit liability for this tort to those situations where “outrageous conduct” on the part of the defendant is proved. “Outrageous conduct” is conduct that transcends all bounds of decency tolerated by society. In the absence of such conduct by the defendant, it is generally held that an average person of ordinary sensibilities would not suffer the kind of severe mental injury that is contemplated by the tort. 3) Examples of Outrageous Conduct a) Extreme Business Conduct, Certain extreme methods of business conduct may be construed as outrageous conduct, e.g., use of extreme methods of collection, if repeated, may be actionable. b) Misuse of Authority Misuse of authority in some circumstances may be actionable, e.g., school authorities threatening and bullying pupils. c) Offensive or Insulting Language Generally, offensive or insulting language will not be characterized as “outrageous conduct.” This result could change if there is a special relationship between plaintiff and defendant or a sensitivity on plaintiff’s part of which defendant is aware. 4) Special Relationship Situations Common carriers and innkeepers owe special duties to their patrons that will be a basis for liability even when the act is something less than outrageous, e.g., bus driver making insulting remarks to passenger. 5) Known Sensitivity. If defendant knows that plaintiff is more sensitive and thus more susceptible to emotional distress than the average person, liability will follow if the defendant uses extreme and outrageous conduct intentionally to cause such distress and succeeds. These rules may also apply where defendant’s conduct is directed at individuals in certain groups such as children, pregnant women, and elderly people. c. Intent Defendant will be liable not only for intentional conduct but also for reckless conduct, i.e., acting in reckless disregard of a high probability that emotional distress will result.
d. Causation The defendant’s conduct must have proximately caused the plaintiff’s emotional distress. 1) Intent/Causation Requirements in Bystander Cases When the defendant‘s conduct is directed at a third person and the plaintiff suffers severe emotional distress, the elements of intent and causation may be harder to prove. To establish these elements in such cases, the plaintiff is generally required to show the following: a) The plaintiff was present at the time; b) The distress resulted in bodily harm, or the plaintiff was a close relative of the third party; and c) The defendant knew these facts.
Tresspass to Land: "An act of physical invasion of plaintiff’s real property by defendant; 2)Intent on defendant’s part to bring about a physical invasion of plaintiff’s real property; and
3)Causation."
Swift-Tuttle 133-year meteor Perseus.
Nonprobate property is property that is not subject to the rules of descent and distribution and does not require determination of ownership through the probate court. Properties, such as things jointly owned, insurance policies, pay on death or transfer on death contracts and inter vivos trusts, are classified as non-probate property and bypass the probate process.
Under joint tenancy laws, when a tenant dies and owns a thing jointly with others, the remaining tenants have a right of survivorship, meaning the deceased tenant’s share of the thing owned jointly is automatically redistributed among the surviving tenants. The tenant’s share is not divisible, alienable, or descendible.
Inter vivos trust passes according to the terms of the trust.
Life insurance is a contract that provides proceeds to the named beneficiary in the insurance contract.
Where there is a pay on death or transfer on death contractions, the account custodian distributes property to the named beneficiary at decedent’s death.
Probate property is property left by the decedent that must go through the probate court to be divided amongst the heirs of the estate by will or intestacy. Probate property Includes personal property and real property that has not been disposed of by contract.
A testator’s will can be challenged on the grounds that at the time the testator executed her will she was under an insane delusion that impacted the disposition being made in the will or, on the basis that the testator lacked so-called general mental capacity.
A delusion is a false conception of reality. An insane delusion is one to which the testator adheres against all evidence and reason to the contrary. If the testator’s alleged delusion has some rational basis, courts typically do not find the delusion to be insane. And, in many states, the testator must have some symptoms of a mental disorder, such as delusions or hallucinations, before a court will find that he or she suffered from an insane delusion.
A will can be set aside because of an insane delusion only if the will is a product of the insane delusion. As such, if the testator had other grounds for writing the will as they did, it will not be set aside
To have the requisite mental capacity to execute a will, a testator, at the time of signing the will, must understand: (a) the nature and extent of his or her property, (b) the natural objects of his or her bounty, (c) the nature of the testamentary act he or she is performing, and (d) how all of these relate together to constitute an orderly plan of disposing of his or her property. The natural objects of a testator’s bounty are those persons having the highest moral claims to a testator’s property.
Een Linux-server is een krachtige en flexibele oplossing voor het beheren van verschillende soorten serverservices, van webservers tot database-servers. Linux biedt een robuust en veilig platform voor het uitvoeren van server-applicaties, waarbij de mogelijkheid om het systeem volledig aan te passen een van de grootste voordelen is. Er zijn verschillende distributies van Linux die geschikt zijn voor servers, zoals Ubuntu Server, CentOS, Debian, en Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL). Deze besturingssystemen bieden alle tools en configuratieopties die nodig zijn voor serverbeheer.
Een van de eerste stappen bij het werken met een Linux-server is het inloggen op de server. Dit kan zowel lokaal als via een netwerkverbinding zoals SSH (Secure Shell). SSH is een van de veiligste methoden om op afstand verbinding te maken met een Linux-server. Als je toegang hebt tot een server, kun je verbinding maken door een terminal of een SSH-client te gebruiken, zoals PuTTY (voor Windows-gebruikers). De basisopdracht voor het inloggen is als volgt: ssh gebruikersnaam@server_ip_adres. Eenmaal ingelogd, krijg je toegang tot de Linux-terminal, waar je allerlei opdrachten kunt uitvoeren.
Om effectief met een Linux-server te werken, is het belangrijk om vertrouwd te raken met de basishandelingen die je kunt uitvoeren via de opdrachtregel. Het besturingssysteem is voornamelijk gebaseerd op tekstcommando’s, wat betekent dat je commando’s moet invoeren om taken uit te voeren. Een paar van de meest gebruikte opdrachten zijn:
ls: Dit toont de inhoud van de huidige directory.
cd: Hiermee kun je van directory veranderen.
mkdir: Hiermee maak je een nieuwe directory aan.
rm: Verwijdert bestanden of directories.
cp: Kopieert bestanden of directories.
mv: Verplaatst of hernoemt bestanden of directories.
nano of vim: Hiermee kun je tekstbestanden bewerken.
Het beheren van gebruikers is ook een belangrijk aspect van serverbeheer. Linux biedt een aantal tools voor het toevoegen, verwijderen en beheren van gebruikers. De commando’s adduser en deluser zijn de meest basale methoden voor het toevoegen of verwijderen van gebruikers. Elke gebruiker heeft specifieke rechten en machtigingen die bepalen wat ze wel en niet mogen doen op de server. Het is belangrijk om de best practices te volgen bij het beheren van gebruikersrechten, bijvoorbeeld door gebruik te maken van sudo voor taken die root-rechten vereisen, in plaats van altijd als root in te loggen.
Een ander belangrijk onderdeel van Linux-serverbeheer is het beheren van softwarepakketten. De meeste Linux-distributies gebruiken een pakketbeheerder om software te installeren, bij te werken en te verwijderen. Populaire pakketbeheerders zijn apt voor Ubuntu/Debian-gebaseerde systemen, en yum of dnf voor CentOS/RHEL-gebaseerde systemen. Om bijvoorbeeld een pakket te installeren, zou je het commando sudo apt install pakketnaam gebruiken op een Ubuntu-server.
Daarnaast is netwerken een cruciaal onderdeel van werken met een Linux-server. Voor netwerkbeheer kun je de ip en ifconfig commando’s gebruiken om netwerkinterfaces te configureren. Het beheren van firewallregels is ook een belangrijke taak. In Linux wordt dit vaak gedaan met behulp van ufw (Uncomplicated Firewall) of iptables. Met deze tools kun je toegang tot de server regelen op basis van IP-adres, poort en protocol.
Het monitoren van de server is een andere belangrijke taak bij het beheren van een Linux-server. Er zijn verschillende tools en commando’s waarmee je het systeem kunt monitoren, zoals top, htop, en dmesg voor het bekijken van systeemlogboeken. Deze tools geven je inzicht in de prestaties van je server, zoals het gebruik van CPU, geheugen, en schijfruimte. Daarnaast zijn er geavanceerdere monitoringtools zoals Nagios en Zabbix die je kunt gebruiken om uitgebreide meldingen en waarschuwingen te ontvangen over de status van je server.
Het beheren van back-ups en herstel is een andere belangrijke taak voor een Linux-serverbeheerder. Er zijn veel verschillende manieren om een back-up te maken van je server, van eenvoudige tools zoals rsync tot meer complexe back-upsoftware. Het is belangrijk om regelmatig back-ups te maken van je gegevens om verlies van belangrijke informatie te voorkomen. Daarnaast moet je in staat zijn om snel een herstelplan uit te voeren in geval van een systeemcrash of gegevensverlies.
Ten slotte is veiligheid een van de belangrijkste aspecten van het werken met een Linux-server. Je server moet goed worden beschermd tegen aanvallen en misbruik. Dit kan onder andere worden bereikt door het regelmatig updaten van de software, het inschakelen van firewallbeveiliging, het beperken van toegang via SSH door bijvoorbeeld alleen bepaalde IP-adressen toegang te geven, en door gebruik te maken van versleuteling voor gevoelige gegevens. Ook het instellen van monitoringtools om verdachte activiteiten te detecteren kan je server veiliger maken.
Kortom, werken met een Linux-server vereist kennis van de basiscommando’s en tools, evenals het vermogen om de server te configureren, te onderhouden en te beveiligen. Het biedt enorme flexibiliteit en controle over de serveromgeving, maar vereist ook zorgvuldigheid en planning, vooral als het gaat om het beheren van veiligheid en back-ups.
thank you very much deputy speaker and i rise to oppose the motion moved by the leader of the opposition. and in so doing i say to the leader of the opposition i will not be lectured about sexism and misogyny by this man. i will not. and the government will not be lectured about sexism and misogyny by this man. not now, not ever.
the leader of the opposition says that people who hold sexist views and who are misogynists are not appropriate for high office. well i hope the leader of the opposition has got a piece of paper and he is writing out his resignation. because if he wants to know what misogyny looks like in modern australia, he doesn't need a motion in the house of representatives, he needs a mirror. that's what he needs.
let's go through the opposition leader's repulsive double standards, repulsive double standards when it comes to misogyny and sexism. we are now supposed to take seriously that the leader of the opposition is offended by mr slipper's text messages, when this is the leader of the opposition who has said, and this was when he was a minister under the last government – not when he was a student, not when he was in high school – when he was a minister under the last government.
he has said, and i quote, in a discussion about women being under-represented in institutions of power in australia, the interviewer was a man called stavros. the leader of the opposition says “if it's true, stavros, that men have more power generally speaking than women, is that a bad thing?”
and then a discussion ensues, and another person says “i want my daughter to have as much opportunity as my son.” to which the leader of the opposition says “yeah, i completely agree, but what if men are by physiology or temperament, more adapted to exercise authority or to issue command?”
then ensues another discussion about women's role in modern society, and the other person participating in the discussion says “i think it's very hard to deny that there is an underrepresentation of women,” to which the leader of the opposition says, “but now, there's an assumption that this is a bad thing.”
this is the man from whom we're supposed to take lectures about sexism. and then of course it goes on. i was very offended personally when the leader of the opposition, as minister of health, said, and i quote, “abortion is the easy way out.” i was very personally offended by those comments. you said that in march 2004, i suggest you check the records.
i was also very offended on behalf of the women of australia when in the course of this carbon pricing campaign, the leader of the opposition said “what the housewives of australia need to understand as they do the ironing…” thank you for that painting of women's roles in modern australia.
and then of course, i was offended too by the sexism, by the misogyny of the leader of the opposition catcalling across this table at me as i sit here as prime minister, “if the prime minister wants to, politically speaking, make an honest woman of herself…”, something that would never have been said to any man sitting in this chair. i was offended when the leader of the opposition went outside in the front of parliament and stood next to a sign that said “ditch the witch.”
i was offended when the leader of the opposition stood next to a sign that described me as a man's bitch. i was offended by those things. misogyny, sexism, every day from this leader of the opposition. every day in every way, across the time the leader of the opposition has sat in that chair and i've sat in this chair, that is all we have heard from him.
and now, the leader of the opposition wants to be taken seriously, apparently he's woken up after this track record and all of these statements, and he's woken up and he's gone “oh dear, there's this thing called sexism, oh my lords, there's this thing called misogyny. now who's one of them? oh, the speaker must be because that suits my political purpose.”
doesn't turn a hair about any of his past statements, doesn't walk into this parliament and apologise to the women of australia. doesn't walk into this parliament and apologise to me for the things that have come out of his mouth. but now seeks to use this as a battering ram against someone else.
well this kind of hypocrisy must not be tolerated, which is why this motion from the leader of the opposition should not be taken seriously.
and then second, the leader of the opposition is always wonderful about walking into this parliament and giving me and others a lecture about what they should take responsibility for.
always wonderful about that – everything that i should take responsibility for, now apparently including the text messages of the member for fisher. always keen to say how others should assume responsibility, particularly me.
well can anybody remind me if the leader of the opposition has taken any responsibility for the conduct of the sydney young liberals and the attendance at this event of members of his frontbench?
has he taken any responsibility for the conduct of members of his political party and members of his frontbench who apparently when the most vile things were being said about my family, raised no voice of objection? nobody walked out of the room; no-one walked up to mr jones and said that this was not acceptable.
instead of course, it was all viewed as good fun until it was run in a sunday newspaper and then the leader of the opposition and others started ducking for cover.
big on lectures of responsibility, very light on accepting responsibility himself for the vile conduct of members of his political party.
third, deputy speaker, why the leader of the opposition should not be taken seriously on this motion.
the leader of the opposition and the deputy leader of the opposition have come into this place and have talked about the member for fisher. well, let me remind the opposition and the leader of the opposition party about their track record and association with the member for fisher.
i remind them that the national party preselected the member for fisher for the 1984 election, that the national party preselected the member for fisher for the 1987 election, that the liberals preselected mr slipper for the 1993 election, then the 1996 election, then the 1998 election, then for the 2001 election, then for the 2004 election, then for the 2007 election and then for the 2010 election.
and across these elections, mr slipper enjoyed the personal support of the leader of the opposition. i remind the leader of the opposition that on 28 september 2010, following the last election campaign, when mr slipper was elected as deputy speaker, the leader of the opposition at that stage said this, and i quote.
he referred to the member for maranoa, who was also elected to a position at the same time, and then went on as follows: “and the member for fisher will serve as a fine complement to the member for scullin in the chair. i believe that the parliament will be well-served by the team which will occupy the chair in this chamber. i congratulate the member for fisher, who has been a friend of mine for a very long time, who has served this parliament in many capacities with distinction.”
the words of the leader of the opposition on record, about his personal friendship with mr [slipper], and on record about his view about mr slipper's qualities and attributes to be the speaker.
no walking away from those words, they were the statement of the leader of the opposition then. i remind the leader of the opposition, who now comes in here and speaks about apparently his inability to work with or talk to mr slipper. i remind the leader of the opposition he attended mr slipper's wedding.
did he walk up to mr slipper in the middle of the service and say he was disgusted to be there? was that the attitude he took? no, he attended that wedding as a friend.
the leader of the opposition keen to lecture others about what they ought to know or did know about mr slipper. well with respect, i'd say to the leader of the opposition after a long personal association including attending mr slipper's wedding, it would be interesting to know whether the leader of the opposition was surprised by these text messages.
he's certainly in a position to speak more intimately about mr slipper than i am, and many other people in this parliament, given this long personal association.
then of course the leader of the opposition comes into this place and says, and i quote, “every day the prime minister stands in this parliament to defend this speaker will be another day of shame for this parliament, another day of shame for a government which should already have died of shame.”
well can i indicate to the leader of the opposition the government is not dying of shame, my father did not die of shame, what the leader of the opposition should be ashamed of is his performance in this parliament and the sexism he brings with it. now about the text messages that are on the public record or reported in the – that's a direct quote from the leader of the opposition so i suggest those groaning have a word with him.
on the conduct of mr slipper, and on the text messages that are in the public domain, i have seen the press reports of those text messages. i am offended by their content. i am offended by their content because i am always offended by sexism. i am offended by their content because i am always offended by statements that are anti-women.
i am offended by those things in the same way that i have been offended by things that the leader of the opposition has said, and no doubt will continue to say in the future. because if this today was an exhibition of his new feminine side, well i don't think we've got much to look forward to in terms of changed conduct.
i am offended by those text messages. but i also believe, in terms of this parliament making a decision about the speakership, that this parliament should recognise that there is a court case in progress. that the judge has reserved his decision, that having waited for a number of months for the legal matters surrounding mr slipper to come to a conclusion, that this parliament should see that conclusion.
i believe that is the appropriate path forward, and that people will then have an opportunity to make up their minds with the fullest information available to them.
but whenever people make up their minds about those questions, what i won't stand for, what i will never stand for is the leader of the opposition coming into this place and peddling a double standard. peddling a standard for mr slipper he would not set for himself. peddling a standard for mr slipper he has not set for other members of his frontbench.
peddling a standard for mr slipper that has not been acquitted by the people who have been sent out to say the vilest and most revolting things like his former shadow parliamentary secretary senator bernardi.
i will not ever see the leader of the opposition seek to impose his double standard on this parliament. sexism should always be unacceptable. we should conduct ourselves as it should always be unacceptable. the leader of the opposition says do something; well he could do something himself if he wants to deal with sexism in this parliament.
he could change his behaviour, he could apologise for all his past statements, he could apologise for standing next to signs describing me as a witch and a bitch, terminology that is now objected to by the frontbench of the opposition.
he could change a standard himself if he sought to do so. but we will see none of that from the leader of the opposition because on these questions he is incapable of change. capable of double standards, but incapable of change. his double standards should not rule this parliament.
good sense, common sense, proper process is what should rule this parliament. that's what i believe is the path forward for this parliament, not the kind of double standards and political game-playing imposed by the leader of the opposition now looking at his watch because apparently a woman's spoken too long.
i've had him yell at me to shut up in the past, but i will take the remaining seconds of my speaking time to say to the leader of the opposition i think the best course for him is to reflect on the standards he's exhibited in public life, on the responsibility he should take for his public statements; on his close personal connection with peter slipper, on the hypocrisy he has displayed in this house today.
and on that basis, because of the leader of the opposition's motivations, this parliament today should reject this motion and the leader of the opposition should think seriously about the role of women in public life and in australian society because we are entitled to a better standard than this.
thank you very much deputy speaker and i rise to oppose the motion moved by the leader of the opposition. and in so doing i say to the leader of the opposition i will not be lectured about sexism and misogyny by this man. i will not. and the government will not be lectured about sexism and misogyny by this man. not now, not ever.
the leader of the opposition says that people who hold sexist views and who are misogynists are not appropriate for high office. well i hope the leader of the opposition has got a piece of paper and he is writing out his resignation. because if he wants to know what misogyny looks like in modern australia, he doesn't need a motion in the house of representatives, he needs a mirror. that's what he needs.
let's go through the opposition leader's repulsive double standards, repulsive double standards when it comes to misogyny and sexism. we are now supposed to take seriously that the leader of the opposition is offended by mr slipper's text messages, when this is the leader of the opposition who has said, and this was when he was a minister under the last government – not when he was a student, not when he was in high school – when he was a minister under the last government.
he has said, and i quote, in a discussion about women being under-represented in institutions of power in australia, the interviewer was a man called stavros. the leader of the opposition says “if it's true, stavros, that men have more power generally speaking than women, is that a bad thing?” and then a discussion ensues, and another person says “i want my daughter to have as much opportunity as my son.”
to which the leader of the opposition says “yeah, i completely agree, but what if men are by physiology or temperament, more adapted to exercise authority or to issue command?” then ensues another discussion about women's role in modern society, and the other person participating in the discussion says “i think it's very hard to deny that there is an underrepresentation of women,” to which the leader of the opposition says, “but now, there's an assumption that this is a bad thing.”
this is the man from whom we're supposed to take lectures about sexism. and then of course it goes on. i was very offended personally when the leader of the opposition, as minister of health, said, and i quote, “abortion is the easy way out.” i was very personally offended by those comments.
you said that in march 2004, i suggest you check the records. i was also very offended on behalf of the women of australia when in the course of this carbon pricing campaign, the leader of the opposition said “what the housewives of australia need to understand as they do the ironing…” thank you for that painting of women's roles in modern australia.
and then of course, i was offended too by the sexism, by the misogyny of the leader of the opposition catcalling across this table at meas i sit here as prime minister, “if the prime minister wants to, politically speaking, make an honest woman of herself…”, something that would never have been said to any man sitting in this chair.
i was offended when the leader of the opposition went outside in the front of parliament and stood next to a sign that said “ditch the witch.” i was offended when the leader of the opposition stood next to a sign that described me as a man's bitch. i was offended by those things. misogyny, sexism, every day from this leader of the opposition. every day in every way, across the time the leader of the opposition has sat in that chair and i've sat in this chair.
the leader of the opposition wants to be taken seriously, apparently he's woken up after this track record and all of these statements, and he's woken up and he's gone “oh dear, there's this thing called sexism, oh my lords, there's this thing called misogyny. now who's one of them? oh, the speaker must be because that suits my political purpose.”
doesn't turn a hair about any of his past statements, doesn't walk into this parliament and apologise to the women of australia or to me for the things that have come out of his mouth. but now seeks to use this as a battering ram against someone else. this motion should be rejected and the leader of the opposition should think seriously about the role of women in public life.
thank you very much deputy speaker and i rise to oppose the motion moved by the leader of the opposition. and in so doing i say to the leader of the opposition i will not be lectured about sexism and misogyny by this man. i will not. and the government will not be lectured about sexism and misogyny by this man. not now, not ever. the leader of the opposition says that people who hold sexist views and who are misogynists are not appropriate for high office. well i hope the leader of the opposition has got a piece of paper and he is writing out his resignation. because if he wants to know what misogyny looks like in modern australia, he doesn't need a motion in the house of representatives, he needs a mirror. that's what he needs.
let's go through the opposition leader's repulsive double standards, repulsive double standards when it comes to misogyny and sexism. we are now supposed to take seriously that the leader of the opposition is offended by mr slipper's text messages, when this is the leader of the opposition who has said, and this was when he was a minister under the last government – not when he was a student, not when he was in high school – when he was a minister under the last government.
he has said, and i quote, in a discussion about women being under-represented in institutions of power in australia, the interviewer was a man called stavros. the leader of the opposition says “if it's true, stavros, that men have more power generally speaking than women, is that a bad thing?” and then a discussion ensues, and another person says “i want my daughter to have as much opportunity as my son.”
to which the leader of the opposition says “yeah, i completely agree, but what if men are by physiology or temperament, more adapted to exercise authority or to issue command?” then ensues another discussion about women's role in modern society, and the other person participating in the discussion says “i think it's very hard to deny that there is an underrepresentation of women,” to which the leader of the opposition says, “but now, there's an assumption that this is a bad thing.”
this is the man from whom we're supposed to take lectures about sexism. and then of course it goes on. i was very offended personally when the leader of the opposition, as minister of health, said, and i quote, “abortion is the easy way out.” i was very personally offended by those comments.
you said that in march 2004, i suggest you check the records. i was also very offended on behalf of the women of australia when in the course of this carbon pricing campaign, the leader of the opposition said “what the housewives of australia need to understand as they do the ironing…” thank you for that painting of women's roles in modern australia.
and then of course, i was offended too by the sexism, by the misogyny of the leader of the opposition catcalling across this table at meas i sit here as prime minister, “if the prime minister wants to, politically speaking, make an honest woman of herself…”, something that would never have been said to any man sitting in this chair.
i was offended when the leader of the opposition went outside in the front of parliament and stood next to a sign that said “ditch the witch.” i was offended when the leader of the opposition stood next to a sign that described me as a man's bitch. i was offended by those things. misogyny, sexism, every day from this leader of the opposition. every day in every way, across the time the leader of the opposition has sat in that chair and i've sat in this chair.
the leader of the opposition wants to be taken seriously, apparently he's woken up after this track record and all of these statements, and he's woken up and he's gone “oh dear, there's this thing called sexism, oh my lords, there's this thing called misogyny. now who's one of them? oh, the speaker must be because that suits my political purpose.”
doesn't turn a hair about any of his past statements, doesn't walk into this parliament and apologise to the women of australia or to me for the things that have come out of his mouth. but now seeks to use this as a battering ram against someone else. this motion should be rejected and the leader of the opposition should think seriously about the role of women in public life.
On the TV the picture is savages in villages and the scientist still can't explain the pyramids. Evangelists making a living on the videos of ribs of the little kids, stereotyping the image of the images and this is what the image is.
Some of the worst paparazzi I've ever seen and I ever known, put the worst on display so the world can see and that's all they will ever show, so the ones in the West will never move East and feel like they could be at home.
Examiner: Bonjour. Aujourd’hui, nous allons parler de l’agriculture biologique et de son impact sur l’environnement. Pouvez-vous définir ce qu’est l’agriculture biologique ?
Student: Bien sûr. L’agriculture biologique est une méthode de production qui limite l’utilisation de produits chimiques de synthèse et favorise des pratiques respectueuses de l’environnement, comme la rotation des cultures et l’utilisation d’engrais naturels.
Examiner: Très bien. Quels sont, selon vous, les avantages principaux de cette forme d’agriculture ?
Student: Il y en a plusieurs. D’abord, elle réduit la pollution de l’air, de l’eau et du sol, car elle utilise moins de pesticides. Ensuite, elle contribue à la biodiversité en encourageant la présence d’espèces animales et végétales sur les fermes. Elle améliore également la qualité des aliments, en mettant l’accent sur le goût et les nutriments. Enfin, elle soutient l’économie locale, car les consommateurs achètent souvent directement auprès des producteurs.
Examiner: Intéressant. Et en termes d’impact environnemental, que diriez-vous ?
Student: L’agriculture biologique aide aussi à lutter contre le changement climatique. Par exemple, les méthodes utilisées consomment moins d’énergie fossile et favorisent la captation du carbone dans le sol.
Examiner: Excellent point. Cependant, il doit aussi y avoir des inconvénients. Lesquels voyez-vous ?
Student: Oui, il y a des défis. Les coûts de production sont plus élevés à cause des méthodes plus intensives en main-d’œuvre et en temps. Les rendements sont souvent plus faibles, ce qui peut entraîner des pertes de récolte. De plus, les produits biologiques ont souvent des prix plus élevés, ce qui rend la concurrence avec l’agriculture conventionnelle difficile.
Examiner: Y a-t-il d’autres obstacles au développement de l’agriculture biologique ?
Student: Oui. Les normes et certifications nécessaires peuvent être difficiles à obtenir pour certains producteurs. De plus, la disponibilité de certains produits biologiques est limitée, notamment parce que certaines cultures sont plus compliquées à produire de manière biologique.
Examiner: D’après vous, comment pourrait-on surmonter ces obstacles ?
Student: Je pense qu’il faut sensibiliser davantage les consommateurs sur les bienfaits des produits biologiques. On pourrait aussi offrir des subventions aux agriculteurs pour compenser les coûts élevés et améliorer les infrastructures de distribution pour rendre ces produits plus accessibles.
Examiner: Pensez-vous que l’agriculture biologique est l’avenir de l’agriculture ?
Student: C’est une partie de l’avenir, oui. Elle ne peut pas encore répondre à la demande mondiale seule, mais elle joue un rôle clé dans la transition vers des pratiques agricoles plus durables.
Examiner: Merci pour vos réponses. Vous avez bien expliqué les avantages et les inconvénients.
Student: Merci beaucoup !
Examinateur: Bonjour. Aujourd’hui, nous allons discuter des énergies renouvelables. Pouvez-vous commencer par expliquer ce que sont les énergies renouvelables ?
Étudiant: Oui, bien sûr. Les énergies renouvelables sont des sources d’énergie naturelles et inépuisables, comme le soleil, le vent ou l’eau. Contrairement aux énergies fossiles, elles se régénèrent naturellement et sont généralement moins polluantes.
Examinateur: Très bien. Quels sont, selon vous, les principaux avantages des énergies renouvelables ?
Étudiant: Elles ont plusieurs avantages. Tout d’abord, elles réduisent notre dépendance aux énergies fossiles, comme le pétrole ou le charbon. Par exemple, l’énergie solaire peut remplacer l’utilisation du pétrole. Ensuite, elles diminuent la pollution de l’air et de l’eau. Par exemple, l’énergie éolienne produit beaucoup moins de polluants que le charbon.
Examinateur: Et en ce qui concerne leur impact sur le changement climatique ?
Étudiant: Oui, elles contribuent à la lutte contre le changement climatique. Par exemple, l’énergie hydraulique peut remplacer le gaz naturel, ce qui réduit les émissions de CO2. De plus, elles permettent de créer des emplois locaux grâce à la construction et à l’entretien des installations, comme les parcs solaires ou éoliens.
Examinateur: Intéressant. Mais, comme toute solution, elles ont aussi des limites. Pouvez-vous me parler de leurs inconvénients ?
Étudiant: Oui, tout à fait. Le coût initial est souvent élevé. Par exemple, installer des panneaux solaires ou construire une éolienne demande un investissement important. Il y a aussi une dépendance aux conditions météorologiques. Par exemple, l’énergie éolienne nécessite du vent, et l’énergie solaire dépend des heures d’ensoleillement.
Examinateur: Et pour les infrastructures nécessaires, y a-t-il des défis spécifiques ?
Étudiant: Oui, ces technologies demandent souvent des équipements spécifiques, comme des batteries pour stocker l’énergie solaire ou des transformateurs pour l’énergie hydraulique. De plus, certaines sources, comme l’énergie solaire, nécessitent beaucoup d’espace pour installer les panneaux.
Examinateur: Qu’en est-il de l’impact sur la faune ?
Étudiant: C’est aussi un problème. Par exemple, les éoliennes peuvent causer des collisions avec les oiseaux, et l’énergie hydraulique peut affecter les écosystèmes aquatiques.
Examinateur: Que proposez-vous pour surmonter ces inconvénients ?
Étudiant: Je pense qu’il faut investir davantage dans la recherche pour réduire les coûts et développer des technologies plus efficaces. De plus, il est important de planifier les projets en tenant compte de l’impact sur l’environnement et la faune, par exemple en choisissant des emplacements adaptés.
Examinateur: Merci beaucoup. Vous avez bien présenté une vue équilibrée des avantages et des inconvénients.
Étudiant: Merci à vous !
Examinateur : Bonjour. Aujourd’hui, nous allons parler du tri des déchets. Pouvez-vous expliquer ce que c’est et pourquoi c’est important ?
Étudiant : Bien sûr. Le tri des déchets consiste à séparer les matières recyclables des déchets non recyclables. Cela permet de réduire la quantité de déchets envoyés en décharge et de réutiliser les matériaux recyclables pour produire de nouveaux produits, ce qui économise des ressources et de l’énergie.
Examinateur : Très bien. Quels sont, selon vous, les principaux avantages de cette pratique ?
Étudiant : Il y a plusieurs avantages. Premièrement, cela réduit la pollution et améliore la qualité de l’environnement en diminuant les odeurs et nuisances des décharges. Deuxièmement, cela aide à lutter contre le changement climatique en réduisant les émissions de gaz à effet de serre associées à la production de nouveaux matériaux à partir de ressources vierges. Enfin, le tri des déchets crée des emplois verts dans les secteurs du recyclage et de la gestion des déchets.
Examinateur : Intéressant. Vous avez mentionné les emplois verts. Pouvez-vous développer ?
Étudiant : Oui. Par exemple, des entreprises de recyclage se développent pour gérer les matières triées, et elles embauchent du personnel pour le tri, la collecte et le transport des déchets recyclables. Cela stimule l’économie locale tout en protégeant l’environnement.
Examinateur : Et quels sont les inconvénients ou défis associés au tri des déchets ?
Étudiant : Les défis sont nombreux. Par exemple, la mise en place d’un système de tri peut être coûteuse, avec l’achat de conteneurs spécifiques et l’embauche de personnel. De plus, il est nécessaire de sensibiliser et d’éduquer la population sur les bonnes pratiques, car une mauvaise séparation peut contaminer les matières recyclables et les rendre inutilisables.
Examinateur : Y a-t-il d’autres limites techniques ou logistiques ?
Étudiant : Oui. Par exemple, tous les matériaux ne sont pas acceptés dans les systèmes de tri, ce qui limite leur efficacité. De plus, le transport des matières recyclables vers les centres de tri ou les usines peut entraîner des coûts supplémentaires et une empreinte carbone plus élevée.
Examinateur : Comment pensez-vous que ces problèmes pourraient être résolus ?
Étudiant : Je pense qu’il est important d’investir dans des campagnes de sensibilisation pour éduquer les gens sur le tri correct des déchets. De plus, des innovations technologiques pourraient améliorer le traitement des déchets et réduire les coûts. Enfin, il serait utile de développer des infrastructures locales pour éviter les longs transports.
Examinateur : Merci pour vos réponses. Vous avez bien analysé le sujet.
Étudiant : Merci à vous !
Examinateur : Bonjour. Aujourd’hui, nous allons discuter des zoos. À votre avis, quel est le rôle principal des zoos ?
Étudiant : Bonjour. Les zoos jouent un rôle important dans la conservation des espèces animales. Par exemple, ils protègent les espèces menacées d’extinction et permettent leur reproduction. Ils contribuent aussi à la sensibilisation du public, en offrant des opportunités pour apprendre à connaître les animaux et leur habitat naturel.
Examinateur : Très bien. Pouvez-vous me parler des autres avantages des zoos ?
Étudiant : Bien sûr. En plus de la conservation, les zoos permettent des recherches scientifiques. Les chercheurs peuvent y étudier le comportement et les besoins des animaux. Les zoos aident aussi à maintenir la biodiversité en préservant différentes espèces et leurs écosystèmes. Enfin, ils contribuent à l’économie locale, en générant des revenus grâce aux visiteurs et en offrant des emplois.
Examinateur : Vous avez mentionné des points positifs, mais les zoos font aussi face à des critiques. Quels en sont les inconvénients ?
Étudiant : Oui, il y a des inconvénients importants. Par exemple, les animaux sont confinés dans des espaces limités, ce qui restreint leurs mouvements et les sépare de leur habitat naturel. De plus, certains zoos ne fournissent pas toujours des soins adaptés aux besoins spécifiques des animaux.
Examinateur : Et pour les impacts sur la santé des animaux, qu’en pensez-vous ?
Étudiant : Les conditions de captivité peuvent provoquer du stress et des maladies chez les animaux. Par exemple, ils sont parfois exposés à des germes ou à des environnements stressants qui ne reflètent pas leur vie sauvage.
Examinateur : Qu’en est-il de la sensibilisation des visiteurs ?
Étudiant : C’est un autre problème. Certains zoos offrent une vision très limitée ou peu représentative de la vie sauvage. Cela peut donner une fausse image de la nature et limiter la sensibilisation réelle à la protection des animaux.
Examinateur : Les coûts des zoos sont-ils aussi un défi ?
Étudiant : Oui, absolument. Maintenir un zoo demande des investissements élevés, par exemple pour construire des enclos adaptés et pour fournir des installations répondant aux besoins des animaux. Cela peut représenter une charge économique importante.
Examinateur : Selon vous, les zoos devraient-ils exister ?
Étudiant : C’est une question complexe. Je pense que les zoos peuvent être utiles, mais seulement s’ils mettent en avant la conservation, la recherche et la sensibilisation du public. Ils doivent aussi garantir des conditions de vie optimales pour les animaux et travailler davantage pour protéger les espèces dans leur habitat naturel.
Examinateur : Merci pour votre réflexion. Vous avez présenté une analyse équilibrée.
Étudiant : Merci à vous !
Examinateur : Bonjour. Aujourd’hui, nous allons parler des animaux domestiques. Pensez-vous que c’est une bonne idée d’avoir un animal chez soi ?
Étudiant : Bonjour. Oui, je pense que c’est une bonne idée. Les animaux domestiques apportent beaucoup de bénéfices, comme la compagnie et l’affection. Par exemple, leur présence peut être réconfortante, surtout pour les personnes vivant seules.
Examinateur : Quels autres avantages voyez-vous ?
Étudiant : Avoir un animal peut améliorer le bien-être mental et physique. Par exemple, leur présence aide à réduire le stress et l’anxiété. En plus, les propriétaires de chiens, par exemple, font souvent plus d’exercice en les promenant. Cela favorise une meilleure santé physique.
Examinateur : Intéressant. Y a-t-il d’autres aspects positifs que vous aimeriez mentionner ?
Étudiant : Oui. Les animaux domestiques, comme les chiens, peuvent offrir une certaine protection. Leur présence est rassurante et peut même dissuader les intrus. De plus, ils créent des opportunités de socialisation. Par exemple, en promenant un chien, on peut rencontrer d’autres propriétaires d’animaux.
Examinateur : Vous avez mentionné de nombreux avantages, mais il doit aussi y avoir des inconvénients. Quels sont, selon vous, les principaux défis liés à la possession d’un animal ?
Étudiant : Oui, il y a des inconvénients. Tout d’abord, avoir un animal implique des coûts financiers, comme l’achat de nourriture, l’entretien et les frais vétérinaires. Ensuite, cela demande beaucoup de temps et de responsabilités, comme nettoyer après l’animal ou le nourrir régulièrement.
Examinateur : Et en ce qui concerne les voyages ou le logement, est-ce un problème ?
Étudiant : Absolument. Les animaux peuvent restreindre les options de voyage et de logement, car tous les hébergements ou moyens de transport n’acceptent pas les animaux. Cela peut compliquer les déplacements.
Examinateur : D’autres contraintes ?
Étudiant : Oui, les horaires sont une contrainte. Par exemple, il faut respecter les heures de promenade ou de repas. Enfin, il y a des risques pour la santé. Les propriétaires peuvent être exposés à des maladies transmises par les animaux ou subir des blessures, comme des morsures ou des griffures.
Examinateur : Pensez-vous que ces inconvénients l’emportent sur les avantages ?
Étudiant : Pas forcément. Pour moi, si une personne est prête à assumer les responsabilités et les coûts, les avantages d’avoir un animal, comme le bien-être mental et l’affection, sont bien plus importants.
Examinateur : Merci pour cette discussion équilibrée. Vous avez bien présenté les deux côtés du sujet.
Étudiant : Merci à vous !
Examinateur : Bonjour. Aujourd’hui, nous allons parler des animaux de compagnie au travail. Pensez-vous que c’est une bonne idée ?
Étudiant : Bonjour. Oui, je pense que cela peut être bénéfique. Par exemple, la présence d’un animal peut réduire le stress et l’anxiété des employés en offrant une atmosphère apaisante et réconfortante.
Examinateur : Quels autres avantages voyez-vous à cette pratique ?
Étudiant : Avoir des animaux au travail peut améliorer l’ambiance générale en rendant l’atmosphère plus détendue et agréable. Cela peut aussi encourager la créativité et la productivité, car les animaux offrent une distraction positive et favorisent les interactions entre collègues.
Examinateur : Et en termes de santé physique, y a-t-il des bénéfices ?
Étudiant : Oui, absolument. Par exemple, les employés peuvent sortir pour promener l’animal, ce qui leur permet de faire de l’exercice et de prendre une pause. De plus, cela peut aussi attirer et fidéliser le personnel, car offrir la possibilité de venir avec son animal est un avantage très apprécié.
Examinateur : Vous avez mentionné plusieurs avantages, mais qu’en est-il des inconvénients ?
Étudiant : Les inconvénients sont nombreux. Tout d’abord, il y a des coûts liés à l’aménagement de zones pour les animaux, comme des espaces dédiés ou des assurances spécifiques. Ensuite, les animaux peuvent être une source de distraction pour les employés, ce qui pourrait nuire à leur concentration.
Examinateur : Y a-t-il d’autres risques auxquels les employeurs doivent faire attention ?
Étudiant : Oui, il y a des risques de maladies et de blessures. Par exemple, certains employés peuvent être exposés à des allergies, à des morsures ou à des griffures accidentelles. Il est aussi nécessaire d’établir des règles strictes pour garantir la sécurité des employés et des animaux.
Examinateur : Cela pourrait-il poser des problèmes pour les employeurs ?
Étudiant : Oui, certains employeurs pourraient rencontrer des difficultés. Par exemple, des locaux inadaptés à la présence d’animaux ou des conflits entre collègues pourraient limiter la mise en œuvre de cette initiative. Dans certains cas, cela pourrait même mener à des restructurations ou à des décisions de ne pas embaucher des personnes avec des animaux.
Examinateur : Pensez-vous que les avantages surpassent les inconvénients ?
Étudiant : Cela dépend du contexte. Si l’entreprise peut gérer les coûts et les risques, les avantages comme la réduction du stress et l’amélioration de l’ambiance de travail peuvent être très bénéfiques. Cependant, cela nécessite une organisation et des règles claires pour éviter les problèmes.
Examinateur : Merci pour votre réflexion équilibrée. Vous avez bien présenté les deux côtés du sujet.
Étudiant : Merci à vous !
Examinateur : Bonjour. Aujourd’hui, nous allons parler de la cuisine comme un moyen de découvrir d’autres cultures. Pensez-vous que la cuisine est une bonne manière d’explorer d’autres traditions ?
Étudiant : Bonjour. Oui, je pense que c’est une excellente manière. La cuisine permet d’apprendre de nouvelles techniques et recettes. Par exemple, en explorant les différentes façons de préparer les aliments, on découvre de nouvelles saveurs et des plats uniques.
Examinateur : Quels autres avantages voyez-vous dans cette démarche ?
Étudiant : Elle favorise aussi les échanges culturels. Partager des plats ou apprendre des traditions culinaires d’autres pays permet de mieux comprendre leur culture. En plus, on peut améliorer ses compétences linguistiques en apprenant des termes culinaires dans d’autres langues.
Examinateur : Très intéressant. Et en termes de voyages, pensez-vous que cela joue un rôle ?
Étudiant : Oui, bien sûr. Voyager pour déguster des plats locaux est une manière enrichissante de découvrir un pays. Cela nous permet aussi de développer une tolérance et une ouverture d’esprit, car on apprend à apprécier les différences culinaires entre les cultures.
Examinateur : Vous avez mentionné de nombreux avantages, mais quels pourraient être les inconvénients ?
Étudiant : Les inconvénients sont nombreux aussi. Par exemple, les coûts financiers. Certains ingrédients ou ustensiles spécifiques à une culture peuvent être chers ou difficiles à trouver.
Examinateur : Et pour les compétences culinaires ?
Étudiant : Oui, c’est un défi. Le manque de connaissances ou de compétences peut compliquer la préparation de certains plats. Cela demande aussi du temps et des efforts pour apprendre et reproduire correctement des recettes d’autres cultures.
Examinateur : Y a-t-il des risques liés à la cuisine internationale ?
Étudiant : Absolument. Il y a des risques de mauvaise préparation. Par exemple, si les techniques de cuisson ne sont pas maîtrisées, le goût peut être décevant. En outre, il existe des risques d’intolérances alimentaires ou d’allergies à certains ingrédients étrangers.
Examinateur : Pensez-vous que ces inconvénients surpassent les avantages ?
Étudiant : Non, je ne pense pas. Avec un peu de préparation et de curiosité, les avantages comme l’échange culturel, l’apprentissage et le plaisir de goûter de nouvelles saveurs l’emportent largement sur les inconvénients.
Examinateur : Merci pour cette discussion intéressante. Vous avez bien analysé le sujet.
Étudiant : Merci à vous !
গাজীপুরে বন্ধ হওয়া একটি পোশাক কারখানার এক মাসের বকেয়া বেতন ও সার্ভিস বেনিফিটের চাকরি পর আনুষঙ্গিক আর্থিক সুবিধা টাকা না পেয়ে কারখানার উপব্যবস্থাপনা পরিচালককে ডিএমডি পেটানোর অভিযোগ পাওয়া গেছে। গতকাল বৃহস্পতিবার বিকেলে গাজীপুরের কালিয়াকৈর উপজেলার চন্দ্রা এলাকায় এ ঘটনা ঘটে। শ্রমিকদের মারধরে আহত রাফি মাহমুদ কালিয়াকৈর উপজেলার মাহমুদ জিনস ও মাহমুদ ডেনিম লিমিটেডের উপব্যবস্থাপনা পরিচলক। তাঁর ওপর হামলার ঘটনায় আজ শুক্রবার সংবাদ বিজ্ঞপ্তি দিয়ে উদ্বেগ ও নিন্দা জানিয়েছে তৈরি পোশাকশিল্পের মালিকদের সংগঠন বিজিএমইএ।
Today I will make up my mind to succeed in whatever I do. Will power is a tremendous factor in all activities. It can start endless motions of cosmic energy. O Eternal Energy, awaken in me conscious will, conscious vitality, conscious health, conscious realization. Teach me, O Spirt, to cooperate with Thy will until all my thoughts shall conform to Thy Harmonious plans. There is hidden strength within me to overcome all obstacles and temptations. I will bring forth that indomitable power and energy. Invincible Lord, teach me to use my will unceasingly in the performance of good actions, until the little light of my will burns as the cosmic blaze of Thine all-powerful will. Beloved Father, I know that by strong will power I can overcome disease, failure, and ignorance, but the will vibration must be stronger than the vibration of physical or mental disease. The more chronic the disease, the stronger, steadier, and more unflinching must be my determination, faith and effort of will. Today I will cultivate initiative. The man of initiative creates something from nothing; he makes the impossible possible by the great inventive power of spirit. Heavenly Father, help me to strengthen my will power. Teach me not to be enslaved by habits. Guide me, that I may develop myself spiritually by inner and outer discipline. I will tune my free will with the infinite will of God, and my only desire shall be to do the will of Him who placed me here.
