A person may defend third persons on the same basis that they may defend themselves.
Defendant’s actions can be justified as self-defense if there was an actual or reasonably apparent threat to her safety and the force employed was not excessive in degree or kind.
An actor is liable for assault if they intentionally attempt to cause the apprehension of an imminent harmful or offensive contact with another or another’s property. Intent is the state of mind that one has when committing an act. An actor has specific intent when they act with the purpose of bringing about a specific outcome. An actor has general intent when acting in a way that is substantially certain to bring about a consequence. The second element is apprehension, which is the plaintiff’s anticipation of the contact. The third element, imminence, means that the contact is to happen soon without delay. The fourth element, harmful or offensive contact is what is anticipated by the plaintiff and is the touching of the body in a way that causes physical injury or offense. This can be direct contact, which is body to body, or indirect contact which is touching by something set in motion by the actor. The next element is that the contact must be with someone’s body or with something so closely connected to their body. Last, the conduct must be the cause of the apprehension of harmful contact.
A defendant is liable for assault when the defendant acts with intent to cause an imminent apprehension of harmful or offensive contact with another person; and the apprehension must be one which would normally be aroused in the mind of a reasonable person; and the tort is complete with the invasion of the plaintiff’s mental peace
Battery is an intentional contact that is harmful or offensive with a person or another person’s property, which in fact causes physical injury or offense. The elements of battery are (1) intent, (2) harmful or offensive contact, (3) contact with a person or a person’s property, and (4) causation. Intent is the state of mind that one has when committing an act. An actor has specific intent when they act with the purpose of bringing about a specific outcome. An actor has general intent when acting in a way that is substantially certain to bring about a consequence. The second element, harmful or offensive contact, is the touching of the body in a way that causes physical injury or offense. This can be direct contact, which is body to body, or indirect contact which is the touching by something set in motion by the actor. The third element is that the contact must be with someone’s body or with something so closely connected to their body. Last, the contact must be the cause of the physical harm or offense.
A defendant is liable for battery when (1)they have the intent to touch; (2)contact the plaintiff that was unconsented to by the plaintiff and (3) when the defendant intends the contact to be harmful or offensive. The resulting contact is harmful or offensive. (4) Intent is either the purpose to obtain the result or substantial certainty the result will follow.
False imprisonment is the intentional confinement of another that they are aware of or harmed by. The elements of false imprisonment are intent, confinement, the plaintiff being aware of the confinement or being harmed by it, and the defendant causing the confinement or failing to release the plaintiff from the confinement. Intent is the state of mind that one has when committing an act. An actor has specific intent when acting with the purpose of bringing about a specific outcome. An actor has general intent when acting in a way that is substantially certain to bring about a consequence. The confinement element is the limitation of a person’s movement to a fixed boundary. This can also be fulfilled by indirect confinement, which makes the plaintiff choose between remaining confined or being subjected to harm or offense that is equally undesirable to being confined. The causation element is the defendant’s active role in putting the plaintiff into the limited boundary or failing to release them from such a boundary. Last, the plaintiff must be aware of the confinement or must be harmed by it.
Sound waves are vibrations of molecules
When a sound wave travelling through a gas or a liquid comes into contact with a solid, some of the energy it is transferring is reflected from the surface of the solid, and some is transmitted through or absorbed by the solid
A reflected sound wave is called an echo
Sound is an example of a longitudinal wave, hence it consists of:
Compressions - regions of higher density
Rarefactions - regions of lower density
Compressions and rarefactions
Sound is a longitudinal wave consisting of compressions and rarefactions - these are areas where the pressure of the air varies with the wave
These compressions and rarefactions cause changes in pressure, which vary in time with the wave
Therefore, sound is a type of pressure wave
When the waves hit a solid, the variations in pressure cause the surface of the solid to vibrate in sync with the sound wave
pressure-waves, IGCSE & GCSE Physics revision notes
When sound waves hit a solid, the fluctuating pressure causes the solid to vibrate
Different solids have a tendency to vibrate at different frequencies
This is called the object's natural frequency
As a result, sound waves with a frequency that is close to a particular solid's natural frequency will cause larger vibrations than for sound waves with frequencies much larger or smaller than the solid's natural frequency
This means some frequencies of sound are transferred much more efficiently to the solid than others
Sound waves can be heard by human beings because sound waves are transferred efficiently from the air to the solid components of the ear
The transmission of sound to the human ear only works over a limited range of frequencies
This limits the range of sound frequencies a human can hear
The range of frequencies a human can hear is 20 Hz to 20 000 Hz
In the case of the human ear, the sound waves are transferred by two main solid components:
The eardrum which is made of tissue and skin
Three small bones
The human ear is made up of several components which turn sound waves into signals which the brain can interpret
The sound wave travels down the auditory canal towards the eardrum
The pressure variations created by the sound wave exert a varying force on the eardrum causing it to vibrate
The vibration pattern of the sound waves creates the same pattern of vibration in the eardrum
The eardrum vibration is transferred to the three small bones
The vibration of these small bones amplifies the vibrations and then transfers the vibrations to the liquid in the cochlea located in the inner ear
Tiny hairs inside the cochlea detect the vibrations and create electrical impulses which travel along neurones in the auditory nerve to the brain giving the sensation of sound
sorry but without any proof of a baby i'm going to assume you just made it all up for sympathy votes august is the most common birth months ill give u that but who knows how long you may have been planning this you may have thought all this through including that as some form of plausible deniabality but lets say u really did have a child well u have my congratulations but lets face it ur wife did most of the work but are you really bringing a child into this world as something as stressful as the caption contest is happening in ur life have u ever heard of secondhand stress imagine how that will affect ur child and the mother who just went thru days of labour honestly what ur doing right now is insanely shellfish right now glued to ur phone as ur wife is holding ur newborn child because u want to win some peanuts dilbert maraduke caption contest while ur newborn child is forming new neurons and neurological pathways u are holding a phone 3 feet away from its brain sending caption links to people who this is ur childs formative moments and ur having neopet links flying around in 5g around its brain its first words are probably gonna be grarrl babaa gelert have u even thought about any of this for even one second im sure ur wife has for every second of her 72 hours of excruitating labour hope u have a prenup anyways if the kids real congrats im sure ull be a great dad. voted.
The lecture was discussing N. The lecturer firstly provided information about N, which indicates that N, N, and N are fundamental elements. Secondly, whereas unique aspects of N, N as well as N were delineated, he asserted that the significance of N and N really could not be overestimated. Finally, he deduced N from what elaborated on N.
Stages of mitosis:
1 Prophase = chromosomes form (condense) from the chromatin - the 2 pairs of centrioles move to each end of the cell - spindle fibres begin to form from the centrioles - nuclear envelope breaks down
2 Metaphase = chromosomes line up in the middle (equator) of the cell - spindle fibres from centrioles attach to chromosomes at their centromeres (converging point of a chromosomes chromatids)
3 Anaphase = centrioles pull apart chromosomes into 2 separate chromatids towards each end of the cell
4 Telophase = spindle fibres break down - nuclear envelope begins to form around each side of the now splitting cells groups of chromosomes (chromosomes which were split in half into chromatids now referred to as chromosomes again since they are separate) - cleavage furrow begins to form (division of where the original cell is splitting into 2)
Whereas principles of N attribute to N and N, the significance of N would relate to not only N but also N and N, so as not to undermine the implications of N, N, N, N, N, and N as well as N.
News that a colleague's baby has taken some first tentative steps usually merits little more than polite congratulations or an obligatory glance at some e-mailed images. When Nadrian ("Ned") C. Seeman and William B. Sherman of New York University recently made such an announcement, however, it earned coverage in several scientific journals. The attention had to
do with the new walker's size, which is very small for its age-or any age. A pair of legs and feet constructed from DNA strands, the walker stands just 10 nanometers tall-or roughly 1/25,000
the diameter of the period that concludes this sentence. Seeman says the walker's stroll along a DNA sidewalk is "a natural outgrowth of work that's been done before. Seeman and Sherman, who christened their pride and joy A Precisely Controlled DNA Biped Walking Device, make
clear that the walker has no practical application. And even, though he calls it "the robot, Seeman seems wary of characterizing it as a harbinger of submicroscopic automation. He does, however, see the possibility of some practical uses. "We're going to look at longer sidewalks," he says. "Eventually we might have it try to carry a load. We'll probably also look into using it for
polymer deformation-maybe using circular sidewalks and have them holding strands and twisting or braiding them." Bragging rights and applications aside, Seeman sees the walker as
one more event in an accelerating series that is transforming nanotechnology from science
fiction to science fact-developments that are making nanotechnology a very exciting field to be in right now. "I figured out this was going to be fun in 1980," Seeman says. "Now that I've been working in this area for nearly a quarter of a century, it's really starting to snowball."
Nanotechnology-engineering at the molecular level to create useful substances and devices-is no longer just the stuff of rumour and futuristic visions. It has begun to spawn viable businesses and useful products, and it's already touching our lives in many ways Nanotech products may be found in the car you drive and in the paint on your walls.
They are enhancing medical diagnostics, improving the composition of building materials and plastics, and paving the way
for radical breakthroughs in electronics and computer technology. Make no mistake: Engineering on very small scales is a very big deal The Nano Business Alliance, an industry trade
organization, predicts a global market for nanotech products and services of $1 trillion by 2010. The National Science Foundation forecasts that the market in the U.S. alone will reach $1 trillion
by 2016. Most U.S. states have established programs or agencies to encourage nanotechnology research and business development. And the federal government, characterizing nanotechnology.
News that a colleague's baby has taken some first tentative steps usually merits little more than polite congratulations or an obligatory glance at some e-mailed images. When Nadrian ("Ned") C. Seeman and William B. Sherman of New York University recently made such an announcement, however, it earned coverage in several scientific journals. The attention had to
do with the new walker's size, which is very small for its age-or any age. A pair of legs and feet constructed from DNA strands, the walker stands just 10 nanometers tall-or roughly 1/25,000
the diameter of the period that concludes this sentence. Seeman says the walker's stroll along a DNA sidewalk is "a natural outgrowth of work that's been done before. Seeman and Sherman, who christened their pride and joy A Precisely Controlled DNA Biped Walking Device, make
clear that the walker has no practical application. And even, though he calls it "the robot, Seeman seems wary of characterizing it as a harbinger of submicroscopic automation. He does, however, see the possibility of some practical uses. "We're going to look at longer sidewalks," he says. "Eventually we might have it try to carry a load. We'll probably also look into using it for
polymer deformation-maybe using circular sidewalks and have them holding strands and twisting or braiding them." Bragging rights and applications aside, Seeman sees the walker as
one more event in an accelerating series that is transforming nanotechnology from science
fiction to science fact-developments that are making nanotechnology a very exciting field to be in right now. "I figured out this was going to be fun in 1980," Seeman says. "Now that I've been working in this area for nearly a quarter of a century, it's really starting to snowball."
Nanotechnology-engineering at the molecular level to create useful substances and devices-is no longer just the stuff of rumour and futuristic visions. It has begun to spawn viable businesses and useful products, and it's already touching our lives in many ways Nanotech products may be found in the car you drive and in the paint on your walls.
They are enhancing medical diagnostics, improving the composition of building materials and plastics, and paving the way
for radical breakthroughs in electronics and computer technology. Make no mistake: Engineering on very small scales is a very big deal The Nano Business Alliance, an industry trade
organization, predicts a global market for nanotech products and services of $1 trillion by 2010. The National Science Foundation forecasts that the market in the U.S. alone will reach $1 trillion
by 2016. Most U.S. states have established programs or agencies to encourage nanotechnology research and business development. And the federal government, characterizing nanotechnology.
News that a colleague's baby has taken some first tentative steps usually merits little more than polite congratulations or an obligatory glance at some e-mailed images. When Nadrian ("Ned") C. Seeman and William B. Sherman of New York University recently made such an announcement, however, it earned coverage in several scientific journals. The attention had to
do with the new walker's size, which is very small for its age-or any age. A pair of legs and feet constructed from DNA strands, the walker stands just 10 nanometers tall-or roughly 1/25,000
the diameter of the period that concludes this sentence. Seeman says the walker's stroll along a DNA sidewalk is "a natural outgrowth of work that's been done before. Seeman and Sherman, who christened their pride and joy A Precisely Controlled DNA Biped Walking Device, make
clear that the walker has no practical application. And even, though he calls it "the robot, Seeman seems wary of characterizing it as a harbinger of submicroscopic automation. He does, however, see the possibility of some practical uses. "We're going to look at longer sidewalks," he says. "Eventually we might have it try to carry a load. We'll probably also look into using it for
polymer deformation-maybe using circular sidewalks and have them holding strands and twisting or braiding them." Bragging rights and applications aside, Seeman sees the walker as
one more event in an accelerating series that is transforming nanotechnology from science
fiction to science fact-developments that are making nanotechnology a very exciting field to be in right now. "I figured out this was going to be fun in 1980," Seeman says. "Now that I've been working in this area for nearly a quarter of a century, it's really starting to snowball."
Nanotechnology-engineering at the molecular level to create useful substances and devices-is no longer just the stuff of rumour and futuristic visions. It has begun to spawn viable businesses and useful products, and it's already touching our lives in many ways Nanotech products may be found in the car you drive and in the paint on your walls.
They are enhancing medical diagnostics, improving the composition of building materials and plastics, and paving the way
for radical breakthroughs in electronics and computer technology. Make no mistake: Engineering on very small scales is a very big deal The Nano Business Alliance, an industry trade
organization, predicts a global market for nanotech products and services of $1 trillion by 2010. The National Science Foundation forecasts that the market in the U.S. alone will reach $1 trillion
by 2016. Most U.S. states have established programs or agencies to encourage nanotechnology research and business development. And the federal government, characterizing nanotechnology.
News that a colleague's baby has taken some first tentative steps usually merits little more than polite congratulations or an obligatory glance at some e-mailed images. When Nadrian ("Ned") C. Seeman and William B. Sherman of New York University recently made such an announcement, however, it earned coverage in several scientific journals. The attention had to
do with the new walker's size, which is very small for its age-or any age. A pair of legs and feet constructed from DNA strands, the walker stands just 10 nanometers tall-or roughly 1/25,000
the diameter of the period that concludes this sentence. Seeman says the walker's stroll along a DNA sidewalk is "a natural outgrowth of work that's been done before. Seeman and Sherman, who christened their pride and joy A Precisely Controlled DNA Biped Walking Device, make
clear that the walker has no practical application. And even, though he calls it "the robot, Seeman seems wary of characterizing it as a harbinger of submicroscopic automation. He does, however, see the possibility of some practical uses. "We're going to look at longer sidewalks," he says. "Eventually we might have it try to carry a load. We'll probably also look into using it for
polymer deformation-maybe using circular sidewalks and have them holding strands and twisting or braiding them." Bragging rights and applications aside, Seeman sees the walker as
one more event in an accelerating series that is transforming nanotechnology from science
fiction to science fact-developments that are making nanotechnology a very exciting field to be in right now. "I figured out this was going to be fun in 1980," Seeman says. "Now that I've been working in this area for nearly a quarter of a century, it's really starting to snowball."
Nanotechnology-engineering at the molecular level to create useful substances and devices-is no longer just the stuff of rumour and futuristic visions. It has begun to spawn viable businesses and useful products, and it's already touching our lives in many ways Nanotech products may be found in the car you drive and in the paint on your walls.
They are enhancing medical diagnostics, improving the composition of building materials and plastics, and paving the way
for radical breakthroughs in electronics and computer technology. Make no mistake: Engineering on very small scales is a very big deal The Nano Business Alliance, an industry trade
organization, predicts a global market for nanotech products and services of $1 trillion by 2010. The National Science Foundation forecasts that the market in the U.S. alone will reach $1 trillion
by 2016. Most U.S. states have established programs or agencies to encourage nanotechnology research and business development. And the federal government, characterizing nanotechnology.
News that a colleague's baby has taken some first tentative steps usually merits little more than polite congratulations or an obligatory glance at some e-mailed images. When Nadrian ("Ned") C. Seeman and William B. Sherman of New York University recently made such an announcement, however, it earned coverage in several scientific journals. The attention had to
do with the new walker's size, which is very small for its age-or any age. A pair of legs and feet constructed from DNA strands, the walker stands just 10 nanometers tall-or roughly 1/25,000
the diameter of the period that concludes this sentence. Seeman says the walker's stroll along a DNA sidewalk is "a natural outgrowth of work that's been done before. Seeman and Sherman, who christened their pride and joy A Precisely Controlled DNA Biped Walking Device, make
clear that the walker has no practical application. And even, though he calls it "the robot, Seeman seems wary of characterizing it as a harbinger of submicroscopic automation. He does, however, see the possibility of some practical uses. "We're going to look at longer sidewalks," he says. "Eventually we might have it try to carry a load. We'll probably also look into using it for
polymer deformation-maybe using circular sidewalks and have them holding strands and twisting or braiding them." Bragging rights and applications aside, Seeman sees the walker as
one more event in an accelerating series that is transforming nanotechnology from science
fiction to science fact-developments that are making nanotechnology a very exciting field to be in right now. "I figured out this was going to be fun in 1980," Seeman says. "Now that I've been working in this area for nearly a quarter of a century, it's really starting to snowball."
Nanotechnology-engineering at the molecular level to create useful substances and devices-is no longer just the stuff of rumour and futuristic visions. It has begun to spawn viable businesses and useful products, and it's already touching our lives in many ways Nanotech products may be found in the car you drive and in the paint on your walls.
They are enhancing medical diagnostics, improving the composition of building materials and plastics, and paving the way
for radical breakthroughs in electronics and computer technology. Make no mistake: Engineering on very small scales is a very big deal The Nano Business Alliance, an industry trade
organization, predicts a global market for nanotech products and services of $1 trillion by 2010. The National Science Foundation forecasts that the market in the U.S. alone will reach $1 trillion
by 2016. Most U.S. states have established programs or agencies to encourage nanotechnology research and business development. And the federal government, characterizing nanotechnology.
News that a colleague's baby has taken some first tentative steps usually merits little more than polite congratulations or an obligatory glance at some e-mailed images. When Nadrian ("Ned") C. Seeman and William B. Sherman of New York University recently made such an announcement, however, it earned coverage in several scientific journals. The attention had to
do with the new walker's size, which is very small for its age-or any age. A pair of legs and feet constructed from DNA strands, the walker stands just 10 nanometers tall-or roughly 1/25,000
the diameter of the period that concludes this sentence. Seeman says the walker's stroll along a DNA sidewalk is "a natural outgrowth of work that's been done before. Seeman and Sherman, who christened their pride and joy A Precisely Controlled DNA Biped Walking Device, make
clear that the walker has no practical application. And even, though he calls it "the robot, Seeman seems wary of characterizing it as a harbinger of submicroscopic automation. He does, however, see the possibility of some practical uses. "We're going to look at longer sidewalks," he says. "Eventually we might have it try to carry a load. We'll probably also look into using it for
polymer deformation-maybe using circular sidewalks and have them holding strands and twisting or braiding them." Bragging rights and applications aside, Seeman sees the walker as
one more event in an accelerating series that is transforming nanotechnology from science
fiction to science fact-developments that are making nanotechnology a very exciting field to be in right now. "I figured out this was going to be fun in 1980," Seeman says. "Now that I've been working in this area for nearly a quarter of a century, it's really starting to snowball."
Nanotechnology-engineering at the molecular level to create useful substances and devices-is no longer just the stuff of rumour and futuristic visions. It has begun to spawn viable businesses and useful products, and it's already touching our lives in many ways Nanotech products may be found in the car you drive and in the paint on your walls.
They are enhancing medical diagnostics, improving the composition of building materials and plastics, and paving the way
for radical breakthroughs in electronics and computer technology. Make no mistake: Engineering on very small scales is a very big deal The Nano Business Alliance, an industry trade
organization, predicts a global market for nanotech products and services of $1 trillion by 2010. The National Science Foundation forecasts that the market in the U.S. alone will reach $1 trillion
by 2016. Most U.S. states have established programs or agencies to encourage nanotechnology research and business development. And the federal government, characterizing nanotechnology.
News that a colleague's baby has taken some first tentative steps usually merits little more than polite congratulations or an obligatory glance at some e-mailed images. When Nadrian ("Ned") C. Seeman and William B. Sherman of New York University recently made such an announcement, however, it earned coverage in several scientific journals. The attention had to
do with the new walker's size, which is very small for its age-or any age. A pair of legs and feet constructed from DNA strands, the walker stands just 10 nanometers tall-or roughly 1/25,000
the diameter of the period that concludes this sentence. Seeman says the walker's stroll along a DNA sidewalk is "a natural outgrowth of work that's been done before. Seeman and Sherman, who christened their pride and joy A Precisely Controlled DNA Biped Walking Device, make
clear that the walker has no practical application. And even, though he calls it "the robot, Seeman seems wary of characterizing it as a harbinger of submicroscopic automation. He does, however, see the possibility of some practical uses. "We're going to look at longer sidewalks," he says. "Eventually we might have it try to carry a load. We'll probably also look into using it for
polymer deformation-maybe using circular sidewalks and have them holding strands and twisting or braiding them." Bragging rights and applications aside, Seeman sees the walker as
one more event in an accelerating series that is transforming nanotechnology from science
fiction to science fact-developments that are making nanotechnology a very exciting field to be in right now. "I figured out this was going to be fun in 1980," Seeman says. "Now that I've been working in this area for nearly a quarter of a century, it's really starting to snowball."
Nanotechnology-engineering at the molecular level to create useful substances and devices-is no longer just the stuff of rumour and futuristic visions. It has begun to spawn viable businesses and useful products, and it's already touching our lives in many ways Nanotech products may be found in the car you drive and in the paint on your walls.
They are enhancing medical diagnostics, improving the composition of building materials and plastics, and paving the way
for radical breakthroughs in electronics and computer technology. Make no mistake: Engineering on very small scales is a very big deal The Nano Business Alliance, an industry trade
organization, predicts a global market for nanotech products and services of $1 trillion by 2010. The National Science Foundation forecasts that the market in the U.S. alone will reach $1 trillion
by 2016. Most U.S. states have established programs or agencies to encourage nanotechnology research and business development. And the federal government, characterizing nanotechnology.
News that a colleague's baby has taken some first tentative steps usually merits little more than polite congratulations or an obligatory glance at some e-mailed images. When Nadrian ("Ned") C. Seeman and William B. Sherman of New York University recently made such an announcement, however, it earned coverage in several scientific journals. The attention had to
do with the new walker's size, which is very small for its age-or any age. A pair of legs and feet constructed from DNA strands, the walker stands just 10 nanometers tall-or roughly 1/25,000
the diameter of the period that concludes this sentence. Seeman says the walker's stroll along a DNA sidewalk is "a natural outgrowth of work that's been done before. Seeman and Sherman, who christened their pride and joy A Precisely Controlled DNA Biped Walking Device, make
clear that the walker has no practical application. And even, though he calls it "the robot, Seeman seems wary of characterizing it as a harbinger of submicroscopic automation. He does, however, see the possibility of some practical uses. "We're going to look at longer sidewalks," he says. "Eventually we might have it try to carry a load. We'll probably also look into using it for
polymer deformation-maybe using circular sidewalks and have them holding strands and twisting or braiding them." Bragging rights and applications aside, Seeman sees the walker as
one more event in an accelerating series that is transforming nanotechnology from science
fiction to science fact-developments that are making nanotechnology a very exciting field to be in right now. "I figured out this was going to be fun in 1980," Seeman says. "Now that I've been working in this area for nearly a quarter of a century, it's really starting to snowball."
Nanotechnology-engineering at the molecular level to create useful substances and devices-is no longer just the stuff of rumour and futuristic visions. It has begun to spawn viable businesses and useful products, and it's already touching our lives in many ways Nanotech products may be found in the car you drive and in the paint on your walls.
They are enhancing medical diagnostics, improving the composition of building materials and plastics, and paving the way
for radical breakthroughs in electronics and computer technology. Make no mistake: Engineering on very small scales is a very big deal The Nano Business Alliance, an industry trade
organization, predicts a global market for nanotech products and services of $1 trillion by 2010. The National Science Foundation forecasts that the market in the U.S. alone will reach $1 trillion
by 2016. Most U.S. states have established programs or agencies to encourage nanotechnology research and business development. And the federal government, characterizing nanotechnology.
