The quick Brown Fox jumps over the lazy dog.
Many today dismiss court life as a relic of the past, a historical curiosity. They reason, according to Machiavelli, "as though heaven, the sun, the elements, and men had changed the order of their motions and power, and were different from what they were in ancient times." There may be no more Sun Kings but there are still plenty of people who believe the sun revolves around them. The royal court may have more or less disappeared, or at least lost its power, but courts and courtiers still exist because power still exists. A courtier is rarely asked to fall off a horse anymore, but the laws that govern court politics are as timeless as the laws of power. There is much to be learned, then, from great courtiers past and present.
Great courtiers throughout history have mastered the science of manipulating people. They make the king feel more kingly; they make everyone else fear their power. They are magicians of appearance, knowing that most things at court are judged by how they seem. Great courtiers are gracious and polite; their aggression is veiled and indirect. Masters of the word, they never say more than necessary, getting the most out of a compliment or hidden insult. They are magnets of pleasure people want to be around them because they know how to please, yet they neither fawn nor humiliate themselves. Great courtiers become the king's favorites, enjoying the benefits of that position. They often end up more powerful than the ruler, for they are wizards in the accumulation of influence.
To be a courtier was a dangerous game. A nineteenth-century Arab traveler to the court of Darfur, in what is now Sudan, reported that courtiers there had to do whatever the sultan did: If he were injured, they had to suffer the same injury; if he fell off his horse during a hunt, they fell, too. Mimicry like this appeared in courts all over the world. More troublesome was the danger of displeasing the ruler one wrong move spelled death or exile. The successful courtier had to walk a tightrope, pleasing but not pleasing too much, obeying but somehow distinguishing himself from the other courtiers, while also never distinguishing himself so far as to make their ruler insecure.
Just like tough exercise can strengthen our muscles, I believe that taking risks is the key to personal and professional development. While it means uncertainty and often leads to failure, each attempt builds resilience and valuable experience.
Recently, my shift from chemistry to engineering brought tougher challenges than I thought. I tried to learn Java and create a complex e-commerce application as the final project. Although I put a lot of effort into watching tutorials and reading documentation, I still struggled with complex concepts like database integration and user authentication. There were nights when I stayed up late dealing with numerous errors, and I questioned whether I had taken on too much too soon.
However, instead of giving up, I broke it into smaller parts and made it better step by step. I learned that success didn't always mean getting everything right from the start. With help from AI tools and advice online, I finally addressed these errors by combining all the resources I could reach.
This experience not only enhanced my resilience but also taught me that asking for help is not a sign of weakness but a smart strategy. Next time when I face a challenge, even if I fail, I will cherish the lessons and keep moving forward.
Consideration: Any action, forbearance, or promise as an inducement for a promise made that involves a legal detriment or a change in the legal position of the promisee constitutes sufficient consideration.
Elements of an Offer: (1) An offer must be communicated to the person to whom it's addressed. (2) The offer must indicate a desire to enter into a contract. (3) The offer must be directed to a person or a group of persons. (4) The offer must invite acceptance. (5) The offer must create a reasonable understanding that upon acceptance a contract will arise without any further approval being required from the offeror.
Option Contract Definition: The right, which is supported by consideration, to make an offer irrevocable for a certain period of time.
Ways an Option Contract is Created: (1) a promise to hold the offer open that is supported by consideration, (2) a "firm offer" under Article 2 of the UCC, must be in writing, (3) an offer to enter into a unilateral contract, (4) reliance by the offeree.
A firm offer must be an offer from a merchant. The offer will be held open for the time specified by the firm or three months, whatever is sooner.
Mutual Assent: There must be a reasonable manifestation of mutual assent between the parties.
Factors to consider when analyzing whether there is a manifestation of mutual assent: Capacity--the individual must, at the time of assent, possess the capacity to understand the nature and consequences of the instrument to be executed. Disparity of value--disparity between the offered amount and the actual value of the thing, is an indication of unreasonableness.
Inquiry and Constructive Notice: The offeree has to be "put on notice" for terms. There is a duty to read and understand the terms that you are assenting to.
Intention to be Legally Bound: Neither the real nor apparent intention that a promise be legally binding is essential to the formation of a contract, but a manifestation of intention that a promise shall not affect legal relations may prevent the formation of a contract.
Acceptance Defined: Acceptance is a voluntary act of the offeree whereby he exercises the power conferred upon him by the offer, and thereby creates the set of legal relations called a contract.
UCC 2-206, What Constitutes Acceptance of Goods: Acceptance of goods occurs when the buyer (a) after a reasonable opportunity to inspect the goods, the buyer signifies to the seller that the goods are conforming, or that the goods are non-conforming, but the buyer will accept it anyway, (b) the buyer does not make an effective rejection, but the acceptance does not occur until the buyer has had a reasonable opportunity to inspect the goods, (c) does any act inconsistent with the seller's ownership regarding the goods.
The Mirror Image Rule: A common-law contracts principle that treats an offeree’s acceptance as a counteroffer, rather than an acceptance, if the acceptance does not exactly mirror the terms of the offer.
The Mirror Image Rule and Implied Terms: The court may decide that what seemed to be an additional or different term in the acceptance was really an implied term in the offer. Language appearing to vary the terms of the offer did not really do so.
The Mirror Image Rule and Suggestive or Precatory Language: A mere inquiry regarding the possibility of different terms, a request for a better offer, or a comment upon the terms of the offer, is ordinarily not a counteroffer.
Necessity of Notification of Acceptance to Offeror: Except where otherwise stated in Restatements or where the offer manifests a contrary intention, it is essential to an acceptance by promise either that the offeree exercise reasonable diligence to notify the offeror of acceptance or that the offeror receive the acceptance seasonably.
necessity of Notification of Acceptance for a Unilateral Contract: “Ordinarily there is no occasion to notify the offeror of the acceptance of such an offer, for the doing of the act is a sufficient acceptance, and the promisor knows that he is bound when he sees that action has been taken on the faith of his offer, but if the act is of such a kind that knowledge of it will not quickly come to the promisor, the promise is bound to give him notice of his acceptance within a reasonable time after doing that which constitutes the acceptance.” Bishop v. Eaton, MA 1894.
Mailbox Rule: Acceptance occurs on proper dispatch unless there is a contrary indication in the offer. In the absence of a prescribed method of acceptance set forth in the offer, acceptance takes effect as soon as it is put out of the offeree’s possession, provided that the acceptance is made in a manner and via a medium that is expressly or impliedly authorized by the offer
Silence as Acceptance: Silence does not constitute an acceptance, even the offeror cannot change this. Exceptions--the offeree takes the benefit of offered services with reasonable opportunity to reject them and reason to know that they were offered with the expectation of compensation, the offerror has stated or given the offeree reason to understand that assent may be manifested by silence or inaction, and the offeree in remaining silent and inactive intends to accept the offer, because of previous dealings, it is reasonable that the offeree should notify the offeror if he does not intend to accept.
Lapse of an Offer: An offer lapses after the time period stated. If there is no time period stated, the offer lapses after a reasonable amount of time has passed. For goods that fluctuate in price, the reasonable amount of time is typically shorter.
Revocation of an offer: An offer is freely revocable at any time prior to acceptance.
Communication of Revocation: An offeree's power of acceptance is terminated when the offeree receives from the offeror a manifestation of an intention not to enter into the proposed contract.
Indirect Communication of Revocation: An offeree's power of acceptance is terminated when the offeror takes definite action inconsistent with an intention to enter into the proposed contract and the offeree acquires reliable information to that effect.
The Last-Shot Rule: Some performance has taken place, following an exchange of messages showing that the parties believed they had reached a contract; the terms proposed by the parties were never an exact match. Disputes typically focus on what terms control the agreement. The terms of the last message sent controls. The last message in the series is a counteroffer, and performance constitutes consent to those terms.
UCC 2-207: (1) A definite and seasonable expression of acceptance or a written confirmation which is sent within a reasonable time operates as an acceptance even though it states terms additional to or different from those offered or agreed upon, unless acceptance is expressly made conditional on assent to the additional or different terms. (2) The additional terms are to be construed as proposals for addition to the contract. Between merchants such terms become part of the contract unless: (a) the offer expressly limits acceptance to the terms of the offer; (b) they materially alter it; or (c) notification of objection to them has already been given or is given within a reasonable time after notice of them is received. (3) Conduct by both parties which recognizes the existence of a contract is sufficient to establish a contract for sale although the writings of the parties do not otherwise establish a contract. In such case the terms of the particular contract consist of those terms on which the writings of the parties agree, together with any supplementary terms incorporated under any other provisions of this Act.
"Definiteness" Required for an Acceptance under UCC 2-207: Cannot be a definite or seasonable offer of acceptance if: (1) it’s clearly a counteroffer, (2) contains too many differing terms (a material alteration), (3) states that the acceptance is expressly conditional on the assent to the terms and conditions of the form.
Analysis of Written Confirmations: (1) An oral or informal contract is formed, (2) After, one or both parties send written confirmations, (3) One or more confirmations contain additional or different terms than what was agreed upon orally or informally, (4) Any different or additional terms in the confirmation must be treated as proposals the same as proposals in an acceptance (2-207(2) analysis).
2-207(3), Contract Formation by Conduct: IF the conduct by both parties is sufficient to establish a contract for sale, AND the writings of the party do not otherwise establish a contract, THEN the terms on which the writings agree control, all other terms drop out and are replaced by Article 2 gap fillers.
2-207(2), In general, the additional and different terms are part of the contract unless one of three exceptions applies: (1) the offer expressly forbids the alteration of the offer. 2-207(2)(a), (2) the new term materially alters the agreement. 2-207(2)(b), (3) the merchant objects to the new terms included in the other merchant’s written form. If any of these exceptions apply, the offeror’s terms control.
Handling different terms, 3 main treatments: (1) Majority view/the Knock Out rule: The non matching terms in the offer and acceptance drop out and are replaced with gap filler terms from the UCC. (2) “Leading” Minority view: The non matching terms in the offer and acceptance drop out, and the offeror’s terms control. (3) The California view/the materiality analysis: Treats different terms as additional terms. They are considered part of the contract unless they materially alter the offer.
Hydraulic directional control valves are components
manipulating start, stop, and flow direction of
a hydraulic fluid. They establish line connections by
opening, blocking or changing one or more flow paths.
Depending on the application and task, different
variants of control systems with directional control
valves are realized, which differ in terms of design and
function.
You notice a visually impaired person and a guide dog on the pavement near the pedestrian crossing. What should you do?
You must avoid hard braking and acceleration.
You lose control on a slippery road and the rear of the car slips to the right. What should you do?
You press the clutch pedal and turn the steering wheel to the right.
You have a round green light and you are turning left. Who should you yield to?
Oncoming traffic and pedestrians.
Why do car seats have head rests?
In rear-end collisions head rests prevent spinal injuries.
Travelling at the speed of 50 km/h, you have a side collision with a car that arrives from the side road. Which of the following is true?
The collision impact is equivalent to falling to the ground from the height of 10 metres.
. When is it mandatory to use a vehicle's headlights or daytime lights?
Always when driving in traffic.
When can road users be warned about a slippery road surface for example by a traffic sign?
In areas of new asphalt, particularly in rain.
In which of the following cases do most of the dangerous situations occur?
When turning left.
Which of the following is a good habit to maintain when overtaking?
Start to accelerate before changing lanes to overtake.
What adds to the passive and active safety of a vehicle?
Seat adjustments add to the active safety of the vehicle.
What must be taken into consideration when making an emergency call?
Calls must not be hung up before the emergency center gives permission to do that
How should a snow plough be overtaken?
You should always leave a longer gap to a snow plough, than to other vehicles.
How many registered seats can a car driven B licence holder have?
Driver + 8 people.
What is 'blind spot'?
The area diagonally behind the driver, which cannot be seen in the mirrors.
When is it permitted to overtake a vehicle on its right?
When the vehicle in front is about to turn left and there is sufficient room to overtake on its right.
. How far does a vehicle travel in a second at a speed of 120km/h?
About 30 meters.
. What is the general speed limit in densely populated areas?
The general speed limit in densely populated areas is 50 km/h.
You have to get out of your vehicle on the road because it has broken down. What are the risks?
You may be run over by another car.
Is it legal to drive on tram rails?
Yes, if it's not limited by a sign.
Which of the following is the most efficient way to decrease fuel consumption in urban areas?
By avoiding unnecessary stops.
How should a snow plough be overtaken?
You should always leave a longer gap to a snow plough, than to other vehicles.
What are the rules for parking close to an intersection?
You must leave a minimum 5 metres between your car and the pedestrian crossing.
. How should you yield to an ambulance with flashing lights that is approaching from behind?
Slow down and move to the right.
What should you pay special attention to when turning right at a junction?
I should check adjacent cycle lane for cyclists who may now be in my blind spot.
Can the driver of the vehicle affect the amount of carbon dioxide emissions?
Yes, driving habits have significant impact on emissions.
Which of the following is one of the main principles of economical driving?
Drive on the highest suitable gear.
You are turning left at an intersection and a green arrow light is showing. How should you proceed?
Continue turning left. If a green arrow light is showing there should be no traffic to yield for.
How do you distinguish an oncoming moped rider from a motorcyclist?
Motorcycles are clearly larger in size.
What happens to the driver's perceived field of view when the speed increases?
Driver's field of view decreases.
"What rules should be considered when driving in a residential road?
Your speed must not exceed 20 km/h.
You approach a pedestrian crossing in a car. What do you do?
You give way to a person on the pedestrian crossing or about to step onto it.
Which of the following is the most important goal of transport education?
To learn to drive safely and independently.
What should be taken into consideration when overtaking cyclist?
Cyclists can behave more erratically than car drivers.
What is assessed in the driving test among other things?
The learner must also evaluate his own strengths and weaknesses in traffic.
Having passed traffic lights to turn left, while yielding to oncoming traffic, the light turns red. What should you do?
Continue turning left, despite the lights being red.
On a motorway it is forbidden to...
Park
What is good to know about trucks and buses in intersections?
Large vehicles may need to use other lanes also, when turning.
What does a small downward arrow sign under a no parking sign indicate?
No parking ends here.
What do you know about the different braking methods in an emergency?
With ABS brakes, you have to press the brake pedal really hard.
What is the general speed limit outside densely populated areas?
80 km/h.
Where is it prohibited to change lanes?
At an intersection where overhead signs apply.
Should you yield to a bus that is pulling out from a bus stop?
Yes, if the speed limit on the road is 60 km/h or below.
What do you know about driving and parking an automatic vehicle?
The parking gear is marked with P. This is the correct gear to ensure that the vehicle doesn't run away from you.
What does a flashing yellow light on traffic lights indicate?
The lights are out of order, you must obey other traffic regulations.
You are preparing to drive. In what order should the following things be done?
Adjust the seat 2. Adjust the mirrors 3. Fasten your seatbelt.
How do you minimize the risk of hydroplaning?
g at a lower speed.
Why is it especially important to pay attention to speed limits when travelling through construction zones?
There are often people working very close to the moving traffic.
In which of the following places it is permitted to pick up a passenger?
At a bus stop.
How is it marked, if a medicine may cause decreased driving ability?
With a red triangle.
What kind of accidents should be reported to the police?
When there are person damages or property damage to third parties.
Why are road users warned about road works with a traffic sign?
Because there may be potholes and loose stones on the road that may jeopardize the safety of traffic.
What is the speed limit on pedestrian streets and malls?
20 km/h
There is a piece of exhaust pipe on the road. How to proceed?
I must stop if possible and remove the object.
What is the correct place for grouping?
Well before the grouping zone.
What must be taken into account when turning right from a road which has the right of way?
When turning right one must yield the pedestrians, scooters and bicyclists crossing the road.
After the practical driving test, you will get your actual driving license. What does it mean?
The driver teaching has ended.
Which of the following indicates a slowly moving vehicle?
A red triangle at the back of it.
What do you know about vehicle-specific speed limits?
A vehicle towing a trailer with a gross weight of a no more than 750 kg is allowed to drive at 100km/h.
What do you know about class B driver training?
You get a driving license after passing the practical driving test and it is valid for 15 years.
What do studies tell us about drivers' perceptions of risk?
Usually young people are more likely to take risks when they are with friends.
You are turning left at an intersection and a green arrow light is showing. How should you proceed?
Continue turning left. If a green arrow light is showing there should be no traffic to yield for.
You approach a pedestrian crossing in a car. What do you do?
You give way to a person on the pedestrian crossing or about to step onto it.
Which of the following is the most common reason for an accident in intersections?
Driver did not notice the other road user in time.
Which of the vehicle's safety equipment can be dangerous if used improperly?
Airbag without a seat belt.
In what circumstances can a car’s warning lights be used?
When you have to stop the car in a dangerous place on the road.
In what direction does the car turn during lock braking?
The car will not turn. Instead, it will continue straight during lock braking.
Your car starts to skid on a slippery road. What should you do?
You press the clutch pedal down and steer the car to the roadside.
How do you feel about overtaking a moped or cyclist?
You must give plenty of space when overtaking, because the cyclist or moped rider may lose their balance during the manoeuvre.
When travelling along a multi-lane road, which lane should you generally stay in?
The lane furthest to the right.
You notice a visually impaired person and a guide dog on the pavement near the pedestrian crossing. What should you do?
You must avoid hard braking and acceleration.
You have a round green light and you are turning left. Who should you yield to?
Oncoming traffic and pedestrians.
How long is the driver’s reaction time normally?
1-1.5 seconds.
What are the rules concerning car tyres?
Winter tyres must be used from the beginning of November till the end of March if the weather conditions so require.
approaching on the main road, who should yield?
The vehicle coming from the parking lot should always yield.
How do you recognize the yield sign also from the back side?
It is the only triangle-shaped sign that stands on one of its heads.
How does driver's experience affect their observation skills?
With experience, the driver will learn to use their distal vision in traffic.
Which of the following is the most important feature of safe and flexible driving skills?
The ability to avoid dangerous situations on the road.
On motorway you can...
Overtake slower traffic.
What must you do if there is a stationary vehicle just before a pedestrian crossing?
Stop next to the vehicle.
What is the general speed limit outside densely populated areas?
80 km/h.
You are preparing to drive. In what order should the following things be done?
Adjust the seat 2. Adjust the mirrors 3. Fasten your seatbelt.
The vehicle ahead performs an emergency stop and you crash into the back of his vehicle. He says he braked to avoid hitting a squirrel. Who is responsible?
In principle, the vehicle behind is responsible.
Which car lights must be turned on while parked on the road?
Parking lights or low beam for parking on the roadside in the dark.
Wich of the following is characteristic of economical driving?
Engine braking.
What is the worst that can happen if you don’t require your rear seat passengers to wear seatbelts?
In an accident, or even when braking hard, the rear seat passenger may injure their neck or even hit the windscreen.
How can you prevent the risk of an elk collision?
By observing the sides of the road especially in dark and at dusk.
First-aid training mentions action at the site of an accident. What useful equipment should be always available?
First aid kit.
Which of the following is essential for route planning?
Riding in poor conditions it is important to take frequent breaks.
How does fatigue manifest itself during driving?
The car drifts sideways without the driver noticing it.
What is the general speed limit outside densely populated areas?
80 km/h.
Which of the following is a good habit to maintain when overtaking?
Start to accelerate before changing lanes to overtake.
How does locking of the tyres during braking affect the car and why does this happen?
The vehicle's ABS brakes are faulty if they work intermittently and the tyres lock when braking.
In what circumstances do you have to be careful with children?
Getting out of the car along a busy road.
How should you navigate a roundabout?
I merge when there is sufficient space.
You are driving with high beams and you are being overtaken. When do you change to dipped beams?
When the overtaking vehicle has just passed by.
. Which of the following can cause excessive wear in a vehicle's tyres?
Low tyre pressures.
What do you know about the car lights and how to use them?
High beams in thick blizzard conditions may block visibility altogether.
You arrive at the scene of an accident. What is the correct order of action, after evaluating the situation?
Save those who are in serious danger. Get some help. Warn other road users.
What safety equipment remedies the human error when travelling around a bend?
ESC (Electronic Stability Control)
You are driving on a multi-lane road and a lorry forces itself in front of you from the adjacent lane. What should you do?
You must leave sufficient distance to the lorry.
. What should be taken into consideration when overtaking cyclist?
Cyclists can behave more erratically than car drivers.
Which of the following is the most important feature of safe and flexible driving skills?
The ability to avoid dangerous situations on the road.
. You are at a green arrow light looking to turn right. Should you yield to pedestrians?
No, because pedestrians will have a red light in that case.
What are the rules for driving on motorways and dual carriageways?
U-turns are prohibited.
. What is compensated from the mandatory traffic insurance?
Innocent party's material damages and everyone's personal injuries.
What does a sign showing a big red triangle at the back of a vehicle indicate?
That the vehicle moves slowly.
How many compulsory driving hours do you need before the driving test, if you already have a moped or tractor card?
14.
. What do you know about the car's safety devices?
The use of a seatbelt will save you from serious injury, even at low speeds.
What could be the effects of driving too close to the car in front?
The risk of collision increases the closer to the vehicle in front you drive.
You are at a green arrow light looking to turn right. Should you yield to pedestrians?
No, because pedestrians will have a red light in that case.
What are the rules for driving on motorways and dual carriageways?
U-turns are prohibited.
What is 'shoulder'?'
The outermost part of the road that begins at continuous line.
A police officer gives you a hand signal as you drive into an intersection with traffic lights. How should you proceed?
I should drive according to the officer's signals, regardless of the traffic lights.
What must you do if a police car behind you has a flashing red light on the roof, in addition to the blue lights?
You must stop by the side of the road.
In the event of a vehicle breakdown, what should you have to make yourself more visible when outside the vehicle?
High visibility vest.
In which areas are traffic laws inapplicable?
Areas that are closed to general traffic.
Which of the following is the most common cause of accidents?
The driver's inadequate perception and judgement of traffic.
Your car has broken down in a dangerous place on the side of the road. How should the warning triangle be placed?
Approximately 150-200 metres behind the car on the verge.
What different causes are there for traffic accidents?
Young people suffer more accidents than middle-aged people on average.
How does fatigue manifest itself during driving?
The car drifts sideways without the driver noticing it.
How far does a vehicle travel in a second at a speed of 80 km/h?
About 20 meters.
How can you ensure your own visibility in traffic?
Use your lights always.
What does the law state about the use of cell phones while driving a vehicle?
Phone conversation is only allowed with a hands-free device.
A 'No left turn' traffic sign has a yellow additional panel under it. The panel has 8 - 17 written on it with black numbers. When are you allowed to turn left?
At 4 in the evening on Sundays.
In what circumstances can the insurance company claim reimbursement from the guilty party?
If the guilty party has caused the damage while under the influence of alcohol.
When does a cross wind affect the car in the most surprising way?
When you drive out of a tunnel or from a forest to a more exposed area.
How can you prevent fatigue while driving?
By having sufficient breaks during driving.
How should you regard mopeds and cyclists on the road?
Regard mopeds and cyclists as you would other road users.
In front of you is a car with a red triangle. What does it mean?
The triangle warns other road users about a slow vehicle.
Travelling at the speed of 50 km/h, you have a side collision with a car that arrives from the side road. Which of the following is true?
The collision impact is equivalent to falling to the ground from the height of 10 metres.
. What is good to know about trucks and buses in intersections?
Large vehicle may need to use other lanes also, when turning.
. In which of the following places it is permitted to pick up a passenger?
At a bus stop.
How can you speed up the metabolization of alcohol from blood?
You cannot speed up the metabolization of alcohol from blood.
You are going to overtake the car in front. What should you consider before overtaking?"
You must leave enough space, because in an overtaking situation estimation mistakes are common.
When driving straight on at an equal intersection, who should you yield to?
Traffic coming from right.
How should you react when approaching a blind person who is waiting to cross a road?
If there are no traffic lights to respond to, stop and give way.
. What is the general speed limit outside densely populated areas?
80 km/h.
There is an additional sign under parking prohibited sign, where it says 8-18 in red text. What does it mean?
Parking here is prohibited between 8 am and 6 pm on Sundays and other public holidays
When is an asphalt road at its most slippery?
Just after the rain has started, before the road surface gets rinsed.
. Where is it prohibited to change lanes?
At an intersection where overhead signs apply.
On motorway you can...
Overtake slower traffic.
How does fatigue manifest itself during driving?
The car drifts sideways without the driver noticing it.
You arrive at the scene of an accident. What is the correct order of action, after evaluating the situation?
Save those who are in serious danger. Get some help. Warn other road users.
You are at a green arrow light looking to turn right. Should you yield to pedestrians?
No, because pedestrians will have a red light in that case.
Which of the following is the most common cause of accidents?
The driver's inadequate perception and judgement of traffic.
. How are children transported safely in a car?
A small child travels in a seat belt.
You are being overtaken and you see an oncoming vehicle endangering the situation. What should you do?
You must give way to the person overtaking.
Which of the following is associated with proactive driving habits?
Reducing your speed to allow a fast-moving vehicle to overtake you.
. How can you reduce the fuel consumption of your car while driving?
By avoiding unnecessary stopping in urban driving.
. How far does a vehicle travel in a second at a speed of 120km/h?
About 30 meters.
On a motorway it is forbidden to...
Park
. What do you know about vehicle-specific speed limits?
A vehicle towing a trailer with a gross weight of no more than 750 kg is allowed to drive at 100 km/h.
Which of the following is the most important feature of safe and flexible driving skills?
The ability to avoid dangerous situations on the road.
How far does a vehicle travel in a second at a speed of 80 km/h?
About 20 meters.
. How can stress and strong emotional feelings affect driving?
The driver cannot concentrate on driving.
What is legislated about driving speed?
Speed must be selected so that the vehicle can be stopped on the currently visible part of the road.
Where should any additional passengers be placed in a car?
Extra passengers must not be carried in a private car.
. Why is there a traffic sign warning about road works?
Because the area may have obstacles that endanger driving.
. What is the correct procedure when turning onto a side road?
Indicate, align the vehicle, and then reduce speed.
. What is the general speed limit in densely populated areas?
50 km/h.
What are the rules for parking close to an intersection?
You must leave a minimum 5 metres between your car and the pedestrian crossing.
Which of the following is essential for route planning?
Riding in poor conditions it is important to take frequent breaks.
What safety equipment remedies the human error when travelling around a bend?
ESC (Electronic Stability Control)
When can you use the rear fog lights while driving?
During fog and heavy rain.
What different causes are there for traffic accidents?
Young people suffer more accidents than middle-aged people on average.
Above the lane there is a bus lane sign and beneath it an additional sign where it says (8-18). What does it mean?
Only buses are allowed on the lane on Saturdays between 8 am and 6 pm.
What is 'situational speed'?
The vehicle's speed in relation to a challenging situation.
What in particular must be taken into account when turning right?
There may be a moped or a bicycle beside me on the shoulder of the road, which I must yield.
When do your car's brakes need immediate maintenance?
If the brake lever or pedal gets pushed right down when braking during emergency.
Can the driver of the vehicle affect the amount of carbon dioxide emissions?
Yes, driving habits have significant impact on emissions.
Which of the following indicates a slowly moving vehicle?
A red triangle at the back of it.
How many compulsory driving hours do you need before the driving test, if you already have a moped or tractor card?
14
What does the mandatory third party insurance cover?
All personal injury and the innocent party's damage costs.
. How can you prevent fatigue while driving?
By having sufficient breaks during driving.
. What should you do about a moped at an intersection?
You prepare for the fact that the moped rider may make a mistake.
You can see a car on a dark road with the warning lights on. What can it mean?
It is possible that the car's driver is changing a tyre.
. Under what circumstances are you allowed to drive on a tram lane?
Never, only trams are allowed on tram lanes.
. How much distance should be left from an intersection when parking?
5 meters.
What do you know about the warning triangle?
In a hazard situation, the warning triangle must be placed 150-200 metres behind the car, on the side of the road.
. What does a flashing yellow light on traffic lights indicate?
The lights are out of order, you must obey other traffic regulations.
. What are the rules concerning car tyres?
Winter tyres must be used from the beginning of November till the end of March if the weather conditions so require.
Which of the following is the most important feature of safe and flexible driving skills?
The ability to avoid dangerous situations on the road.
. You are at a green arrow light looking to turn right. Should you yield to pedestrians?
No, because pedestrians will have a red light in that case.
. What is the general speed limit outside densely populated areas?
80 km/h.
There is an additional sign under parking prohibited sign, where it says 8-18 in red text. What does it mean?
Parking here is prohibited between 8 am and 6 pm on Sundays and other public holidays.
. How should the indicator light be used and how does it affect the driving?
By indicating early, you improve the predictability and smooth flow of traffic.
. What are the rules for driving speed?
You must be able to stop your car within the visible section of the road.
. What is the most common cause of traffic accidents?
Driver's error.
What is the regulation regarding headlights and daytime lights?
Headlights must be used at all times.
Which of the following is one of the main principles of economical driving?
Drive on the highest suitable gear.
What happens to the driver's perceived field of view when the speed increases?
Driver's field of view decreases.
. You are at a green arrow light looking to turn right. Should you yield to pedestrians?
No, because pedestrians will have a red light in that case.
. What is compensated from the mandatory traffic insurance?
Innocent party's material damages and everyone's personal injuries.
. How can you ensure your own visibility in traffic?
Use your lights always.
. What is comparable to having a collision while travelling on a motorcycle at 50 km/h?
Falling from a height of 10 meters.
You're turning left. How easy is it to estimate the distance of an oncoming vehicle?
I usually over-estimate the distance.
You drive slower than other road users and a queue has formed behind you. What should you do?
You let everyone else go past you at a suitable point in the road.
What is the correct position to stop when encountering a traffic signal crossing?
Before reaching the first set of lights or stop line.
. When is an asphalt road at its most slippery?
Just after the rain has started, before the road surface gets rinsed.
. In which of the following cases do most of the dangerous situations occur?
When turning left.
. You approach a pedestrian crossing in a car. What do you do?
You give way to a person on the pedestrian crossing or about to step onto it.
. Which of the following is the most important goal of transport education?
To learn to drive safely and independently.
In what direction does the car turn during lock braking?
The car will not turn. Instead, it will continue straight during lock braking.
Which of the following shortens the braking distance?
Using studded tyres on an icy road.
. What do you know about children in traffic?
A child will not understand traffic risks until the age of ten.
What does a continuous white line mean?
Parallel lanes traveling in the same direction may be divided by a continuous line.
. What is the difference between a dual carriageway and motorway?
A dual carriageway doesn't always have a zone in the middle to separate the driving directions.
How can you speed up the metabolization of alcohol from blood?
You cannot speed up the metabolization of alcohol from blood.
What does the mandatory third party insurance cover?
All personal injury and the innocent party's damage costs.
. What are the rules concerning car tyres?
Winter tyres must be used from the beginning of November till the end of March if the weather conditions so require.
. You are at a green arrow light looking to turn right. Should you yield to pedestrians?
No, because pedestrians will have a red light in that case.
. What do you know about additional panels used with traffic signs?
Additional panels give extra information, such as the start of the area of impact.
. How can stress and strong emotional feelings affect driving?
The driver cannot concentrate on driving.
. What does a flashing yellow light on the roof of a vehicle indicate?
The vehicle is doing construction work and may hold up traffic.
How can you ensure that other road users are aware of you on the road?
By driving steadily and at the correct speed.
. How are children transported safely in a car?
A small child travels in a seat belt.
. What does the car's active safety mean?
Seat adjustments increase active safety.
. You drive in the dark with your headlights on full beam and you are being overtaken. When should you dip your headlights?
When the person overtaking intends to return to the right lane.
. Which of the following is associated with proactive driving habits?
Reducing your speed to allow a fast-moving vehicle to overtake you.
. What is the general speed limit in densely populated areas?
50 km/h.
What kind of accidents should be reported to the police?
When there are personal damages or property damage to third parties.
. When a vehicle is exiting a parking lot to join a main road and another vehicle is approaching on the main road, who should yield?
The vehicle coming from the parking lot should always yield.
A policeman gives you signal to drive through a traffic light-controlled intersection, what will you do?
You comply with the signal, and don't worry about the traffic lights.
What must you consider when passing a cyclist?
You must overtake leaving sufficient space, even if it means dipping into the oncoming lane.
. What does the law state about the use of cell phones while driving a vehicle?
Phone conversation is only allowed with a hands-free device.
. What is 'reaction time'?"
The time taken from noticing an obstacle to the application of the brake.
How do you act when involved in a traffic accident?
Try to prevent further damage.
. You drift into a snowy verge of the road. How does the snow affect your car?
The steering will probably force the car sharply to the right, towards the ditch.
. What kind of distance to the car in front should you keep in summer conditions when driving at 80 km/h on rural roads?
Three seconds or longer.
. You are turning left at an intersection and a green arrow light is showing. How should you proceed?
Continue turning left. If a green arrow light is showing there should be no traffic to yield for.
. Having passed traffic lights to turn left, while yielding to oncoming traffic, the light turns red. What should you do?
Continue turning left, despite the lights being red.
. In which of the following places it is permitted to pick up a passenger?
At a bus stop.
. Which of the following indicates a slowly moving vehicle?
A red triangle at the back of it.
. Which of the vehicle's safety equipment can be dangerous if used improperly?
Airbag without a seat belt.
What kind of distance to the car in front should you keep in summer conditions when driving at 80 km/h on rural roads?
Three seconds or longer.
What are medicines that debilitate driving condition associated with?
Drugs
What is the safety distance, when driving at 80 km/h?
80 meters.
. What do you know about riding a motorcycle?
A motorcycle is steered by leaning it.
. How should you react when approaching a blind person who is waiting to cross a road?
If there are no traffic lights to respond to, stop and give way.
What should you pay special attention to when turning right at a junction?
I should check adjacent cycle lane for cyclists who may now be in my blind spot.
. What do you know about driving and parking an automatic vehicle?
The parking gear is marked with P. This is the correct gear to ensure that the vehicle doesn't run away from you.
. What does a continuous white line mean?
Parallel lanes traveling in the same direction may be divided by a continuous line.
. What does a flashing yellow light on the roof of a vehicle indicate?
The vehicle is doing construction work and may hold up traffic.
What are the rules for motorway driving?
Parking to the right of the edge line is forbidden.
Which of the following statements is true regarding overtaking?
Accelerating before switching lanes will help achieve the overtaking velocity.
. Above the lane there is a bus lane sign and beneath it an additional sign where it says (8-18). What does it mean?
Only buses are allowed on the lane on Saturdays between 8 am and 6 pm.
. You park your car on the roadside. What must you consider from a security point of view?
Before I open the door, I check what is behind the car.
. Why are traffic accidents happening?
Mostly caused by someone making a mistake on the road.
How can you reduce the fuel consumption of your car while driving?
By avoiding unnecessary stopping in urban driving.
. What should you pay special attention to when turning right at a junction?
I should check adjacent cycle lane for cyclists who may now be in my blind spot.
. Which of the following is the most important goal of transport education?
To learn to drive safely and independently.
There is a piece of exhaust pipe on the road. How to proceed?
I must stop if possible and remove the object.
What do you know about vehicle-specific speed limits?
A vehicle towing a trailer with a gross weight of a no more than 750 kg is allowed to drive at 100km/h.
When a vehicle is exiting a parking lot to join a main road and another vehicle is approaching on the main road, who should yield?
The vehicle coming from the parking lot should always yield.
. Your car has broken down in a dangerous place on the side of the road. How should the warning triangle be placed?
Approximately 150-200 metres behind the car on the verge.
. How can stress and strong emotional feelings affect driving?
The driver cannot concentrate on driving.
. You drive in the dark with your headlights on full beam and you are being overtaken. When should you dip your headlights?
When the person overtaking intends to return to the right lane.
. What colour is the flashing light of an emergency vehicle?
Blue.
. If you see a yellow blinking light attached to a roadside traffic control boom, what can it mean?
The road may be in poor condition or closed.
. What is 'blind spot'?
The area diagonally behind the driver, which cannot be seen in the mirrors.
. Should you yield to a bus that is pulling out from a bus stop?
Yes, if the speed limit on the road is 60 km/h or below.
. What must you do if there is a stationary vehicle just before a pedestrian crossing?
Stop next to the vehicle.
The vehicle ahead performs an emergency stop and you crash into the back of his vehicle.
He says he braked to avoid hitting a squirrel. Who is responsible?
In principle, the vehicle behind is responsible.
In what circumstances do you have to be careful with children?
Getting out of the car along a busy road.
. You're turning left. How easy is it to estimate the distance of an oncoming vehicle?
I usually over-estimate the distance.
. How can stress and strong emotional feelings affect driving?
The driver cannot concentrate on driving.
You are going to overtake the car in front. What should you consider before overtaking?"
You must leave enough space, because in an overtaking situation estimation mistakes are common.
.What is regulated regarding turning signal?
A turning signal must always be given when turning in an intersection.
. What does a red triangle in a medicine package mean?
Medicine may lower the capability to drive.
. You have a round green light and you are turning left. Who should you yield to?
Oncoming traffic and pedestrians.
. Travelling at the speed of 50 km/h, you have a side collision with a car that arrives from the side road. Which of the following is true?
The collision impact is equivalent to falling to the ground from the height of 10 metres.
. Why is it especially important to pay attention to speed limits when travelling through construction zones?
There are often people working very close to the moving traffic.
. What is 'reaction time'?"
The time taken from noticing an obstacle to the application of the brake.
. Which of the following statements is true regarding overtaking?
Accelerating before switching lanes will help achieve the overtaking velocity.
. You come upon a horse and rider on the side of the road. What should you do?
You reduce your speed so the horse doesn't bolt.
. How should I indicate?
You can increase road safety by indicating correctly.
. What is 'motion blindness'?
When a driver becomes desensitized from the speed at which they are travelling, leading to them misjudging it.
. Which of the following safety equipment is mandatory?
Warning triangle.
. What is the correct position to stop when encountering a traffic signal crossing?
Before reaching the first set of lights or stop line.
. You are turning left at an intersection and a green arrow light is showing. How should you proceed?
Continue turning left. If a green arrow light is showing there should be no traffic to yield for.
. What kind of accidents should be reported to the police?
When there are personal damages or property damage to third parties.
. What is the correct place for grouping?
Well before grouping zone.
. What is compensated from the mandatory traffic insurance?
Innocent party's material damages and everyone's personal injuries.
. How do you act when involved in a traffic accident?
Try to prevent further damage.
. Which of the following provisions for outside the built-up areas applies?
You can park on the verge.
. What does a red main light and a green arrow light showing simultaneously at the traffic lights indicate?
Traffic heading in the direction of the green arrow can continue freely.
. You are approaching a level crossing. What must you do?
You slow down and switch to a sufficiently low gear before crossing the train track. You look left and right and then cross the train track quickly.
. You're positioning to turn left. The traffic lights contain a green filter light to the left. What should you do?"
You prepare for the fact one of the oncoming cars may go across the red light.
. What kind of tread should car tyres have?
In summer tyres, the tread must be at least 1.6 mm in the main section.
. You are turning left at an intersection and a green arrow light is showing. How should you proceed?
Continue turning left. If a green arrow light is showing there should be no traffic to yield for.
. What is the worst that can happen if you don’t require your rear seat passengers to wear seatbelts?
In an accident, or even when braking hard, the rear seat passenger may injure their neck or even hit the windscreen.
. How does fatigue manifest itself during driving?
The car drifts sideways without the driver noticing it.
. In which areas are traffic laws inapplicable?
Areas that are closed to general traffic.
. You're turning left. How easy is it to estimate the distance of an oncoming vehicle?
I usually over-estimate the distance.
. What do you know about drug use while driving?
The use of drugs can be detected in the police roadside testing.
. What does a red main light and a green arrow light showing simultaneously at the traffic lights indicate?
Traffic heading in the direction of the green arrow can continue freely.
. A 'No left turn' traffic sign has a yellow additional panel under it. The panel has 8 - 17 written on it with black numbers. When are you allowed to turn left?
At 4 in the evening on Sundays.
What should you consider when carrying a heavy load?
The stopping distance shortens because there is more weight.
. Why is there a traffic sign warning about road works?
Because the area may have obstacles that endanger driving.
. You lose control on a slippery road and the rear of the car slips to the right. What should you do?
You press the clutch pedal and turn the steering wheel to the right.
. What is the general speed limit in densely populated areas?
50 km/h.
Which of the following indicates a slowly moving vehicle?
A red triangle at the back of it.
On motorway you can...
Drive in any of the lanes at any time, as long as they are heading in the same direction as you.
Overtake slower traffic.
. How does fatigue manifest itself during driving?
The car drifts sideways without the driver noticing it.
. What do you know about children in traffic?
A child will not understand traffic risks until the age of ten.
. How can you speed up the metabolization of alcohol from blood?
You cannot speed up the metabolization of alcohol from blood.
How do traffic lights change?
When changing to red, the lights will first show red and yellow simultaneously.
When is it legal to drive on tram rails?
When it is not prohibited by a sign.
. When driving straight on at an equal intersection, who should you yield to?
Traffic coming from right.
What do you know about the car's safety devices?
The use of a seatbelt will save you from serious injury, even at low speeds.
. What different causes are there for traffic accidents?
Young people suffer more accidents than middle-aged people on average.
What do you know about children in traffic?
A child will not understand traffic risks until the age of ten.
. How does increased travelling speed affect the different stages of stopping?
If the speed doubles, the braking distance quadruples.
. How long does it take on average for a one restaurant dose of alcohol to dissolve from the blood of a 70 kg weighting person?
About 2 hours.
What happens if the rear tyres are under-inflated?
You have to keep adjusting the steering on a straight road.
. What does a yellow blinking light on the roof of a vehicle mean?
The length or width of the vehicle may cause danger to other road users.
. You are being overtaken and you see an oncoming vehicle endangering the situation. What should you do?
You must give way to the person overtaking.
. When should I give way to a bus pulling off a bus stop?
In a built-up area if the speed limit is 60 km/h or below.
. When driving straight on at an equal intersection, who should you yield to?
Traffic coming from right.
. What is assessed in the driving test among other things?
The learner must also evaluate his own strengths and weaknesses in traffic.
When travelling along a multi-lane road, which lane should you generally stay in?
The lane furthest to the right.
What must you do if a police car behind you has a flashing red light on the roof, in addition to the blue lights?
You must stop by the side of the road.
. How can you speed up the metabolization of alcohol from blood?
You cannot speed up the metabolization of alcohol from blood.
Why are traffic accidents happening?
Mostly caused by someone making a mistake on the road.
. You approach a junction and will turn right. How do you let other road users know your intentions?
I indicate in good time before turning.
. When is a side wind most dangerous?
When travelling from a sheltered road into an exposed area.
. How does a motorway differ from a motor-traffic way?
The motor-traffic way does not usually have a specific mid-area.
. In front of you is a car with a red triangle. What does it mean?
The triangle warns other road users about a slow vehicle.
. Where should any additional passengers be placed in a car?
Extra passengers must not be carried in a private car.
. Which of the following is a good habit to maintain when overtaking?
Start to accelerate before changing lanes to overtake.
. You are turning left at an intersection and a green arrow light is showing. How should you proceed?
Continue turning left. If a green arrow light is showing there should be no traffic to yield for.
How do you feel about overtaking a moped or cyclist?
You must give plenty of space when overtaking, because the cyclist or moped rider may lose their balance during the manoeuvre.
What must you do if there is a stationary vehicle just before a pedestrian crossing?
Stop next to the vehicle.
In what circumstances do you have to be careful with children?
Getting out of the car along a busy road.
You drift into a snowy verge of the road. How does the snow affect your car?
The steering will probably force the car sharply to the right, towards the ditch.
. What is regulated regarding turning signal?
A turning signal must always be given when turning in an intersection.
How does increased travelling speed affect the different stages of stopping?
If the speed doubles, the braking distance quadruples.
. When is it legal to use bus lane?
When grouping in order to turn.
. When is it legal to drive on tram rails?
When it is not prohibited by a sign.
You approach a pedestrian crossing in a car. What do you do?
You give way to a person on the pedestrian crossing or about to step onto it.
Should you yield to a bus that is pulling out from a bus stop?
Yes, if the speed limit on the road is 60 km/h or below.
How does driver's experience affect their observation skills?
With experience, the driver will learn to use their distal vision in traffic.
You are driving on a multi-lane road and a lorry forces itself in front of you from the adjacent lane. What should you do?
You must leave sufficient distance to the lorry.
. What does a sign showing a big red triangle at the back of a vehicle indicate?
That the vehicle moves slowly.
. How do you act when involved in a traffic accident?
Try to prevent further damage.
Which of the following driver shortcomings is most often the cause of a traffic accident?
Observation error or wrong estimation.
What can you do to ensure that the vehicle remains stationary when parked on a slippery hill?
With the parking brake. By leaving the car in gear, or the gearstick of an automatic car in position P. You can secure the wheels with a parking wedge, if necessary.
. How can you reduce the fuel consumption of your car while driving?
By avoiding unnecessary stopping in urban driving.
What is the correct procedure when turning onto a side road?
Indicate, align the vehicle and then reduce speed.
What do you know about the car lights and how to use them?
High beams in thick blizzard conditions may block visibility altogether.
. You drive slower than other road users and a queue has formed behind you. What should you do?
You let everyone else go past you at a suitable point in the road.
. How can you speed up the metabolization of alcohol from blood?
You cannot speed up the metabolization of alcohol from blood.
. How do you act when involved in a traffic accident?
Try to prevent further damage.
What happens if the rear tyres are under-inflated?
You have to keep adjusting the steering on a straight road.
. What do you know about skidding?
During skidding, steering and braking are affected.
. What does proactive driving mean?
You are aware of your own mistakes and those made by others.
. What in particular must be taken into account when turning right?
There may be a moped or a bicycle beside me on the shoulder of the road, which I must yield.
. What should you do about a moped at an intersection?
You prepare for the fact that the moped rider may make a mistake.
. How much distance should be left from an intersection when parking?
5 meters.
. What is the general speed limit in densely populated areas?
50 km/h.
. What does a flashing yellow light on traffic lights indicate?
The lights are out of order, you must obey other traffic regulations.
what do you know about class B driver training?
You get a driving licence after passing the practical driving test and it is valid for 15 years.
. What does a sign showing a big red triangle at the back of a vehicle indicate?
That the vehicle moves slowly.
What could be the effects of driving too close to the car in front?
The risk of collision increases the closer to the vehicle in front you drive.
. How far does a vehicle travel in a second at a speed of 80 km/h?
About 20 meters.
. What can you do to ensure that the vehicle remains stationary when parked on a slippery hill?
With the parking brake. By leaving the car in gear, or the gearstick of an automatic car in position P. You can secure the wheels with a parking wedge, if necessary.
. When can a car be driven on tram tracks?
If you position yourself for a left turn and end up driving on the tracks.
. When is overtaking prohibited on a two-way road?
When the car in front has indicated that they want to overtake.
Under what circumstances are you allowed to drive on a tram lane?
Never, only trams are allowed on tram lanes.
. Which of the following is the most efficient way to decrease fuel consumption in urban areas?
By avoiding unnecessary stops.
. Which of the following is the most important goal of transport education?
To learn to drive safely and independently.
In which of the following places it is permitted to pick up a passenger?
At a bus stop.
. What do you know about vehicle-specific speed limits?
A vehicle towing a trailer with a gross weight of no more than 750 kg is allowed to drive at 100 km/h.
. You are at a green arrow light looking to turn right. Should you yield to pedestrians?
No, because pedestrians will have a red light in that case.
. What does a sign showing a big red triangle at the back of a vehicle indicate?
That the vehicle moves slowly.
. What do you know about drug use while driving?
The use of drugs can be detected in the police roadside testing.
Alphonse Gabriel Capone (/kəˈpoʊn/; January 17, 1899 – January 25, 1947), sometimes known by the nickname "Scarface", was an American gangster and businessman who attained notoriety during the Prohibition era as the co-founder and boss of the Chicago Outfit from 1925 to 1931. His seven-year reign as a crime boss ended when he went to prison at the age of 33.
The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic that occurred in Europe from 1346 to 1353. It was one of the most fatal pandemics in human history; as many as 50 million people perished, perhaps 50% of Europe's 14th century population. The disease is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and spread by fleas and through the air. One of the most significant events in European history, the Black Death had far-reaching population, economic, and cultural impacts. It was the beginning of the second plague pandemic. The plague created religious, social and economic upheavals, with profound effects on the course of European history.
Buboes are a symptom of bubonic plague and occur as painful swellings in the thighs, neck, groin or armpits. They are caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria spreading from flea bites through the bloodstream to the lymph nodes, where the bacteria replicate, causing the nodes to swell. Plague buboes may turn black and necrotic, rotting away the surrounding tissue, or they may rupture, discharging large amounts of pus. Infection can spread from buboes around the body, resulting in other forms of the disease such as pneumonic plague.
Play The Perfect Courtier
Court Society
It is a fact of human nature that the structure of a court society forms itself around power. In the past, the court gathered around the ruler, and had many functions: Besides keeping the ruler amused, it was a way to solidify the hierarchy of royalty, nobility, and the upper classes, and to keep the nobility both subordinate and close to the ruler, so that he could keep an eye on them. The court serves power in many ways, but most of all it glorifies the ruler, providing him with a microcosmic world that must struggle to please him.
Finally, being too single-minded in purpose can make you an intolerable bore, especially in the arts. The Renaissance painter Paolo Uccello was so obsessed with perspective that his paintings look lifeless and contrived. Whereas Leonardo da Vinci interested himself in everything architecture, painting, warfare, sculpture, mechanics. Diffusion was the source of his power. But such genius is rare, and the rest of us are better off erring on the side of intensity.
Tying yourself to a single source of power has one preeminent danger: If that person dies, leaves, or falls from grace, you suffer. This is what happened to Cesare Borgia, who derived his power from his father, Pope Alexander VI. It was the pope who gave Cesare armies to fight with and wars to wage in his name. When he suddenly died (perhaps from poison), Cesare was as good as dead. He had made far too many enemies over the years, and was now without his father's protection. In cases when you may need protection, then, it is often wise to entwine yourself around several sources of power. Such a move would be especially prudent in periods of great tumult and violent change, or when your enemies are numerous. The more patrons and masters you serve the less risk you run if one of them falls from power. Such dispersion will even allow you to play one off against the other. Even if you concentrate on the single source of power, you still must practice caution, and prepare for the day when your master or patron is no longer there to help you.
The 827 sky turned 413 dark and the 592 wind howled 675 through the trees as the 248 night began to 369 fall over the village the 153 streets were empty 204 and silent not a 506 sound could be heard 718 except the faint 310 rustling of leaves the 861 only light came from 476 the distant lighthouse shining 950 through the mist
the 192 moonlight 451 danced across 873 the silent forest 652 illuminating 298 the path 741 of forgotten 563 dreams as 940 the wind 482 whispered secrets 196 to the 374 ancient trees 832 standing tall 295 in the 148 stillness of 726 time only 483 to be 659 broken by 741 the distant 192 howl of 283 wolves under 594 the midnight 462 sky forever 831 chasing the 709 unknown
beneath the 678 stars there 345 was a secret 123 garden filled with 567 flowers each 890 bloom held 234 a mystery and 678 a promise of 345 adventure every 901 night the 234 moonlit path 567 guided those 890 who dared 123 to dream 567 in the 234 garden time 345 stood still 678 and the 901 world felt 234 magical and 567 alive
In a small 345 village by the 678 river lived 901 a brave young 234 boy named 567 Leo every 890 day he would 345 climb the 678 hills to 123 see the sunrise 234 one morning 567 he met a 890 talking bird 345 that promised 678 to grant 123 him a wish 567 with courage 234 he made 890 his wish 345 and soon 123 his dream 567 came true
Once upon 874 a time there 312 was a young 561 girl who loved 402 to explore new 123 places one 789 day she discovered 234 a secret path 678 leading to 987 a magical forest 345 where creatures 678 roamed freely 543 she felt 234 alive and 876 happy as 987 she wandered through 543 the enchanted trees 908 and found 234 her heart's 765 desire
In the 245 morning sun 372 she 109 walked softly 853 beneath trees 691 birds chirped 346 and leaves 928 fell gracefully 573 onto her 214 path with 813 every step 469 she felt 682 lighter and 137 free like 946 the world 315 whispered secrets 504 only she 292 could hear 731 a moment 607 she cherished 481 a memory 154 held dear
