张大为
你好
高美丽
您好
是
学生
我也是
吗
张大为：你好。
高美丽：你好。
张大为：你是学生吗？
高美丽：是。我是学生。
The lecture was discussing N. The lecturer firstly provided information about N, which indicates that N, N, and N are fundamental elements. Secondly, whereas unique aspects of N, N as well as N were delineated, he asserted that the significance of N and N really could not be overestimated. Finally, he deduced N from what elaborated on N.
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. This sentence uses every letter of the alphabet and is often used for typing practice. Typing quickly and accurately requires practice and concentration. As technology advances, the need for proficient typists continues to grow. In many professional settings, the ability to type quickly and accurately can significantly enhance productivity and communication. Typing tests are a valuable tool for assessing these skills. In the realm of information technology, data integrity and speed are of paramount importance. Typing accurately under pressure requires not only dexterity but also a keen eye for detail. Errors in data entry can lead to significant issues, including miscommunication and financial discrepancies. Accuracy in typing is crucial for effective communication. Whether drafting emails, reports, or memos, ensuring that your text is error-free is essential. Practicing regularly can help improve both speed and precision. Professional environments demand a high level of accuracy in all forms of written communication. Typos, misspellings, and grammatical errors can undermine the credibility of the message and the sender. Regular practice and attention to detail are key to maintaining high standards in typing accuracy. The proliferation of digital communication tools has heightened the importance of proficient typing skills. In fields such as legal, medical, and technical writing, accuracy is non-negotiable. Errors in documentation can lead to legal repercussions, misdiagnoses, or technical failures, emphasizing the critical nature of precise and accurate typing.
The importance of effective communication within an organization cannot be overstated. Clear and concise messages help ensure that all team members are on the same page, reducing the likelihood of misunderstandings and errors. Utilizing tools like emails, memos, and meetings, employees can stay informed and connected, fostering a collaborative work environment. Providing excellent customer service involves understanding the customer's needs and responding to them promptly and efficiently. Employees should be trained to handle various situations, from inquiries to complaints, with a calm and professional demeanor. By doing so, companies can build strong relationships with their customers and enhance their overall satisfaction. When writing technical documents, it's crucial to present information in a clear and structured manner. Start with an overview of the topic, followed by detailed instructions or descriptions. Use headings, bullet points, and diagrams where appropriate to make the content easy to navigate and understand. Always review your work for accuracy and completeness before distribution.
The importance of effective communication within an organization cannot be overstated. Clear and concise messages help ensure that all team members are on the same page, reducing the likelihood of misunderstandings and errors. Utilizing tools like emails, memos, and meetings, employees can stay informed and connected, fostering a collaborative work environment. Providing excellent customer service involves understanding the customer's needs and responding to them promptly and efficiently. Employees should be trained to handle various situations, from inquiries to complaints, with a calm and professional demeanor. By doing so, companies can build strong relationships with their customers and enhance their overall satisfaction. When writing technical documents, it's crucial to present information in a clear and structured manner. Start with an overview of the topic, followed by detailed instructions or descriptions. Use headings, bullet points, and diagrams where appropriate to make the content easy to navigate and understand. Always review your work for accuracy and completeness before distribution.
The Industrial Revolution, which began in the late 18th century, brought about significant technological, socioeconomic, and cultural changes. The transition from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, improved efficiency of waterpower, and the development of steam power and machine tools led to unprecedented economic growth. Forests play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance. They provide habitat for numerous species, contribute to the water cycle, and help in reducing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Deforestation, however, poses a serious threat to these benefits, leading to loss of biodiversity and contributing to climate change. With the advent of artificial intelligence, the technology landscape is evolving at a rapid pace. AI applications range from simple chatbots that handle customer service inquiries to complex algorithms that drive autonomous vehicles. The potential for AI to transform industries is immense, but it also raises important ethical and security concerns. Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining good health. Exercise helps control weight, improves mental health, and reduces the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. Incorporating at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise into your daily routine can lead to significant health benefits.
Typing is an essential skill in today's digital world. Whether you are sending emails, writing reports, or chatting with friends, being able to type quickly and accurately is invaluable. Practice makes perfect, so keep typing and you'll see improvement over time. The rapid development of technology has changed the way we live and work. From smartphones to artificial intelligence, innovations are constantly emerging to enhance our efficiency and quality of life. As we embrace these advancements, it is crucial to stay updated with the latest trends and skills. Sustainable development is a core principle that aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This concept encompasses a broad range of practices and policies designed to promote environmental stewardship, economic growth, and social equity. The integration of these dimensions is essential for creating a balanced and resilient society.
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. This sentence uses every letter in the English alphabet and is often used to test typing skills. Typists should focus on maintaining steady speed and accuracy while typing. In recent years, the advent of remote work has revolutionized the traditional office environment. Employees now enjoy greater flexibility, which can lead to improved productivity and job satisfaction. However, it also presents challenges such as maintaining team cohesion and managing remote communications effectively. The implementation of advanced artificial intelligence in various industries has sparked significant debate. Proponents argue that AI can lead to unprecedented efficiencies and innovations, while critics raise concerns about job displacement and ethical considerations. The balance between embracing technological advancement and safeguarding human employment remains a critical issue for policymakers and business leaders alike.
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. This sentence uses every letter of the alphabet and is often used for typing practice. Typing quickly and accurately requires practice and concentration. As technology advances, the need for proficient typists continues to grow. In many professional settings, the ability to type quickly and accurately can significantly enhance productivity and communication. Typing tests are a valuable tool for assessing these skills. In the realm of information technology, data integrity and speed are of paramount importance. Typing accurately under pressure requires not only dexterity but also a keen eye for detail. Errors in data entry can lead to significant issues, including miscommunication and financial discrepancies. Accuracy in typing is crucial for effective communication. Whether drafting emails, reports, or memos, ensuring that your text is error-free is essential. Practicing regularly can help improve both speed and precision. Professional environments demand a high level of accuracy in all forms of written communication. Typos, misspellings, and grammatical errors can undermine the credibility of the message and the sender. Regular practice and attention to detail are key to maintaining high standards in typing accuracy. The proliferation of digital communication tools has heightened the importance of proficient typing skills. In fields such as legal, medical, and technical writing, accuracy is non-negotiable. Errors in documentation can lead to legal repercussions, misdiagnoses, or technical failures, emphasizing the critical nature of precise and accurate typing.
This 77-year-old Asian gentleman complains of fatigue over the last year. He describes a sense at times of restricted breathing and tightness at the anterior base of his neck without frank stridor or change in his voice. He experiences mild effort dyspnea and some generalized ataxia such that he is not as comfortable walking in the dark. He has had no falls. Neurologic review early this year disclosed no abnormality; and he was told of mild atrophy on a cranial MRI, which might simply be congruent with age. A recent chest x-ray questioned a lesion at the base of the left lung.
He takes digoxin regarding intermittent spells over the last several years of palpitation, unaccompanied by presyncope. A Holter monitor showed only frequent VPBs. I think he had no problems disclosed at a cardiac review with Dr Patterson, if I understood him correctly. There was no neoplastic history and no tobacco usage. He had a brief hospitalization, at this location, 27 years ago because of hiccough. A renal cyst is known on the right side for at least 15 years, apparently 7 cm in diameter, and he also has features suggestive of prostatitis. For the last decade, he has experienced dependent symmetric ankle edema. Minor surgeries also figure in his past history, including tonsillectomy and inguinal herniorrhaphy.
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Inflation measures how much more expensive a set of goods and services has become over a certain period, usually a year
It may be one of the most familiar words in economics. Inflation has plunged countries into long periods of instability. Central bankers often aspire to be known as “inflation hawks.” Politicians have won elections with promises to combat inflation, only to lose power after failing to do so. Inflation was even declared Public Enemy No. 1 in the United States—by President Gerald Ford in 1974. What, then, is inflation, and why is it so important?
Inflation is the rate of increase in prices over a given period of time. Inflation is typically a broad measure, such as the overall increase in prices or the increase in the cost of living in a country. But it can also be more narrowly calculated—for certain goods, such as food, or for services, such as a haircut, for example. Whatever the context, inflation represents how much more expensive the relevant set of goods and/or services has become over a certain period, most commonly a year.
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Measuring inflation
Consumers’ cost of living depends on the prices of many goods and services and the share of each in the household budget. To measure the average consumer’s cost of living, government agencies conduct household surveys to identify a basket of commonly purchased items and track over time the cost of purchasing this basket. (Housing expenses, including rent and mortgages, constitute the largest component of the consumer basket in the United States.) The cost of this basket at a given time expressed relative to a base year is the consumer price index (CPI), and the percentage change in the CPI over a certain period is consumer price inflation, the most widely used measure of inflation. (For example, if the base year CPI is 100 and the current CPI is 110, inflation is 10 percent over the period.)
Core consumer inflation focuses on the underlying and persistent trends in inflation by excluding prices set by the government and the more volatile prices of products, such as food and energy, most affected by seasonal factors or temporary supply conditions. Core inflation is also watched closely by policymakers. Calculation of an overall inflation rate—for a country, say, and not just for consumers—requires an index with broader coverage, such as the GDP deflator.
The CPI basket is mostly kept constant over time for consistency, but is tweaked occasionally to reflect changing consumption patterns—for example, to include new hi-tech goods and to replace items no longer widely purchased. Because it shows how, on average, prices change over time for everything produced in an economy, the contents of the GDP deflator vary each year and are more current than the mostly fixed CPI basket. On the other hand, the deflator includes nonconsumer items (such as military spending) and is therefore not a good measure of the cost of living.
The good and the bad
To the extent that households’ nominal income, which they receive in current money, does not increase as much as prices, they are worse off, because they can afford to purchase less. In other words, their purchasing power or real—inflation-adjusted—income falls. Real income is a proxy for the standard of living. When real incomes are rising, so is the standard of living, and vice versa.
In reality, prices change at different paces. Some, such as the prices of traded commodities, change every day; others, such as wages established by contracts, take longer to adjust (or are “sticky,” in economic parlance). In an inflationary environment, unevenly rising prices inevitably reduce the purchasing power of some consumers, and this erosion of real income is the single biggest cost of inflation.
Inflation can also distort purchasing power over time for recipients and payers of fixed interest rates. Take pensioners who receive a fixed 5 percent yearly increase to their pension. If inflation is higher than 5 percent, a pensioner’s purchasing power falls. On the other hand, a borrower who pays a fixed-rate mortgage of 5 percent would benefit from 5 percent inflation, because the real interest rate (the nominal rate minus the inflation rate) would be zero; servicing this debt would be even easier if inflation were higher, as long as the borrower’s income keeps up with inflation. The lender’s real income, of course, suffers. To the extent that inflation is not factored into nominal interest rates, some gain and some lose purchasing power.
Indeed, many countries have grappled with high inflation—and in some cases hyperinflation, 1,000 percent or more a year. In 2008, Zimbabwe experienced one of the worst cases of hyperinflation ever, with estimated annual inflation at one point of 500 billion percent. Such high levels of inflation have been disastrous, and countries have had to take difficult and painful policy measures to bring inflation back to reasonable levels, sometimes by giving up their national currency, as Zimbabwe has.
Although high inflation hurts an economy, deflation, or falling prices, is not desirable either. When prices are falling, consumers delay making purchases if they can, anticipating lower prices in the future. For the economy this means less economic activity, less income generated by producers, and lower economic growth. Japan is one country with a long period of nearly no economic growth, largely because of deflation. Preventing deflation during the global financial crisis that began in 2007 was one of the reasons the US Federal Reserve and other central banks around the world kept interest rates low for a prolonged period and have instituted other monetary policies to ensure financial systems have plenty of liquidity.
Most economists now believe that low, stable, and—most important—predictable inflation is good for an economy. If inflation is low and predictable, it is easier to capture it in price-adjustment contracts and interest rates, reducing its distortionary impact. Moreover, knowing that prices will be slightly higher in the future gives consumers an incentive to make purchases sooner, which boosts economic activity. Many central bankers have made their primary policy objective maintaining low and stable inflation, a policy called inflation targeting.
What creates inflation?
Long-lasting episodes of high inflation are often the result of lax monetary policy. If the money supply grows too big relative to the size of an economy, the unit value of the currency diminishes; in other words, its purchasing power falls and prices rise. This relationship between the money supply and the size of the economy is called the quantity theory of money and is one of the oldest hypotheses in economics.
Pressures on the supply or demand side of the economy can also be inflationary. Supply shocks that disrupt production, such as natural disasters, or raise production costs, such as high oil prices, can reduce overall supply and lead to “cost-push” inflation, in which the impetus for price increases comes from a disruption to supply. The food and fuel inflation of 2008 was such a case for the global economy—sharply rising food and fuel prices were transmitted from country to country by trade. Conversely, demand shocks, such as a stock market rally, or expansionary policies, such as when a central bank lowers interest rates or a government raises spending, can temporarily boost overall demand and economic growth. If, however, this increase in demand exceeds an economy’s production capacity, the resulting strain on resources is reflected in “demand-pull” inflation. Policymakers must find the right balance between boosting demand and growth when needed without overstimulating the economy and causing inflation.
Expectations also play a key role in determining inflation. If people or firms anticipate higher prices, they build these expectations into wage negotiations and contractual price adjustments (such as automatic rent increases). This behavior partly determines the next period’s inflation; once the contracts are exercised and wages or prices rise as agreed, expectations become self-fulfilling. And to the extent that people base their expectations on the recent past, inflation would follow similar patterns over time, resulting in inflation inertia.
How policymakers deal with inflation
The right set of disinflationary policies, those aimed at reducing inflation, depends on the causes of inflation. If the economy has overheated, central banks—if they are committed to ensuring price stability—can implement contractionary policies that rein in aggregate demand, usually by raising interest rates. Some central bankers have chosen, with varying degrees of success, to impose monetary discipline by fixing the exchange rate—tying the value of its currency to that of another currency, and thereby its monetary policy to that of another country. However, when inflation is driven by global rather than domestic developments, such policies may not help. In 2008, when inflation rose across the globe on the back of high food and fuel prices, many countries allowed the high global prices to pass through to the domestic economy. In some cases the government may directly set prices (as some did in 2008 to prevent high food and fuel prices from passing through). Such administrative price-setting measures usually result in the government’s accrual of large subsidy bills to compensate producers for lost income.
Central bankers are increasingly relying on their ability to influence inflation expectations as an inflation-reduction tool. Policymakers announce their intention to keep economic activity low temporarily to bring down inflation, hoping to influence expectations and contracts’ built-in inflation component. The more credibility central banks have, the greater the influence of their pronouncements on inflation expectations.
Camina plácido entre el ruido y la prisa...
… y piensa en la paz que se puede encontrar en el silencio.
Desde que nacemos comienza nuestro aprendizaje del mundo que nos rodea y empezamos a desarrollar nuestros cuerpos y nuestro intelecto, pero en algunas ocasiones olvidamos que también somos alma y espíritu.
Este olvido causa un desequilibrio en nosotros y nos concentramos en lo inmediato y lo material y olvidamos la esencia real de todo ser humano y rompemos esa conexión intrínseca que debe existir siempre con el universo.
Al ocurrir esto nos desalineamos y dejamos de fluir con el rio de la vida que nace y desemboca en la esencia del universo, que es conocida coloquialmente por nosotros como Dios.
Y cuando digo “Dios” lo digo en forma genérica sin importar los diferentes credos que existen en el mundo y que le han dado diferentes nombres a lo largo de los años.
Lo primero que debemos aceptar es que vinimos a este mundo a ser felices y a hacer felices a los demás, por lo que cada paso que demos, cada palabra que digamos, cada plegaria que elevemos y cada acto que ejecutemos deben estar orientados a encontrar nuestra felicidad.
No importa si a nuestro alrededor reina el caos y la desesperanza, nosotros debemos mantener nuestra paz interior y aceptar lo que la vida nos brinde sin importar si es bueno o malo, ya que con el tiempo y si mantenemos una actitud positiva y optimista, no perdemos el norte de la felicidad, lograremos cambiar poco a poco nuestra realidad hasta lograr hacer realidad nuestros sueños más sublimes.
¿Pero cómo mantener todo esto sin flaquear?
Pues allí es donde debemos alimentar nuestra alma y espíritu y sin importar nuestro credo debemos cultivar la fuerza más poderosa del universo después del amor…La Fe.
¿Has escuchado que “La fe mueve montañas”?
Pues es verdad, lo primero que debes hacer es cultivar la fe, no importa en qué o en quien la pongas, pero fortalécela a través de la oración y la meditación.
Estas dos herramientas tan sencillas, pero tan poderosas son la base para que empieces tu alineación con el universo.
La oración es la forma más antigua de hablar con ese ser supremo que todo lo ve y todo lo sabe. Pero hay que hacerlo en voz alta y no mentalmente, hay que hacerlo con toda la fe puesta en que tus palabras van a ser escuchadas y que la respuesta a tus preguntas si las hay, llegará de la forma más inesperada e incluso en tus sueños.
Tienes que aprender a escuchar esa voz interior que a veces nos habla y que por prejuicios o simplemente por inseguridad, no la escuchamos y terminamos ignorando lo que nos decía.
La oración debe ser sincera y jamás debe contener la más mínima intención de hacer daño a otra persona o peticiones de “Que todo me salga bien”, sabiendo que los actos por los que pedimos están orientados al mal, esto realmente no solo nos desalínea con el universo sino que nuestro balance universal quedará en negativo y esa deuda Kármica[1] tendrá que ser saldada tarde o temprano, en esta vida o la otra, ya que el universo está compuesto de opuestos siempre en movimiento (día y noche, bien y mal, vida y muerte, etc.).
La meditación es la forma más simple para comenzar a alinearnos con el universo y contrario a lo que se piensa es muy sencillo meditar:
Busca un momento del día en que estés a solas (duchándote, acostado antes de dormir, en tu auto antes de bajarte, etc.) cierra tus ojos, relaja tu cuerpo, respira profundamente y elije una sola cosa en la que quieras concentrar toda tu energía, para poder observarla desde todas sus aristas y de esta forma hacer que la energía del universo fluya a través tuyo y puedas recargarte cada vez que lo necesites.
Este tipo de meditación si la practicas todos los días te irá llevando a otro nivel de tranquilidad y claridad de pensamiento, entonces buscarás un espacio en tu día un poco más prolongado para entrar en meditación y esto paulatinamente te permitirá no solo que te relajes y recargues energía, sino que la conviertas en una herramienta para tomar decisiones, controlar tu temperamento y encontrar tu punto de equilibrio.
Cuando una persona aplica la oración y la meditación en su vida, esto se manifiesta inmediatamente en su semblante y los demás lo comienzan a ver diferente sin saber por qué, el futuro se ve mucho más claro y es más fácil tomar buenas decisiones y aceptar las pruebas que nos trae el día a día, porque con estas dos piedras estamos construyendo el templo en que todos debemos convertirnos para que la energía del universo fluya a través nuestro, la esencia divina habite en nosotros y podamos empezar a vivir nuestra felicidad.
Hermano lector, si estás leyendo este libro no es coincidencia, es el universo que te está poniendo una herramienta que te ayudará a alinearte con él y a adentrarte en el maravilloso mundo de la voluntad humana.
A lo largo de la vida todos hemos visto pasar oportunidades ante nuestros ojos, pero a veces no somos capaces de tomar acción y dejamos que se nos escapen, otras veces tomamos decisiones equivocadas y otras tantas no somos capaces de admitir que lo bueno o lo malo que pasa en nuestras vidas depende en gran parte de nosotros mismos.
Cuantas veces decimos que hay que cambiar algo para que el mundo sea mejor, pero nunca comenzamos por cambiar nosotros mismos para producir esa chispa que desate una reacción en cadena que no solo me cambiará y a los que me rodean, sino que con el tiempo puede llegar a hacer un cambio significativo en nuestra sociedad.
Pues bien, hermano lector este libro fue inspirado en un precepto sencillo e innegable: “Todos somos hijos del mismo universo” y por lo tanto cada una de nuestras acciones por simple que sea, afectará su delicado equilibrio y desatará una serie de eventos que repercutirán en muchas vidas de personas que ni siquiera conocemos.
Por eso debemos aprender a hacer siempre lo correcto, a ser agradecidos y sobre todo a convertirnos en templos donde esa energía que regula el universo no importa el nombre que le des (Dios, Yahveh, Allah, Buda, Vishnú, Krisna, etc.) pueda vivir en nosotros y de esta forma su espíritu hable a través nuestro, su esencia nos proteja y su luz nos guie a lo largo de nuestra vida.
Todos somos Mente, Cuerpo y Espíritu y así como alimentamos y cuidamos nuestros cuerpos, debemos aprender a alimentar y cuidar nuestra mente y nuestro espíritu.
Este libro fue escrito sin ninguna pretensión y con el único objetivo de ser un referente para que puedas vivir tu fe en forma integral, sin importar tu credo o la idea que tengas de esa fuerza que regula el universo y que día a día trabajes para convertirte en una mejor versión de ti mismo, que con tus actos, no solo des testimonio de que hacer el bien conduce a la felicidad, sino que seas promotor de un cambio positivo que impactará primero tu núcleo familiar, luego a tus amigos y por último a una parte de la sociedad.
Si nos alineamos con el universo, aprendemos a fluir con él, aceptamos que lo que pedimos nos llega cuando lo necesitamos realmente y no cuando creemos necesitarlo, hacemos siempre lo correcto, aceptamos que nuestra libertad termina donde comienza la de nuestro hermano, agradecemos de forma sincera y de corazón; créeme, hermano lector, que nuestras vidas cambiarán para siempre y por toda la eternidad.
Lymphedema (also known as lymphatic obstruction) is a condition of localized fluid retention and tissue swelling caused by a compromised lymphatic system.
Fontanels are soft spots on a baby's head which, during birth, enable the bony plates of the skull to flex, allowing the child's head to pass through the birth canal.
Gastric outlet obstruction (often abbreviated as GOO) is a medical condition where there is an obstruction at the level of the pylorus, which is the outlet of the stomach.
Tympanoplasty is the surgical operation performed for the reconstruction of the eardrum (tympanic membrane) and/or the small bones of the middle ear (ossicles).
Myringotomy is a surgical procedure in which a tiny incision is created in the eardrum, so as to relieve pressure caused by the excessive build-up of fluid, or to drain pus.
Colonoscopy is the endoscopic examination of the colon and the distal part of the small bowel with a CCD camera or a fiber optic camera on a flexible tube passed through the anus.
Glaucoma is an eye disorder in which the optic nerve suffers damage, permanently damaging vision in the affected eye(s) and progressing to complete blindness if untreated.
Herpes zoster (or simply zoster), commonly known as shingles, is a viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters in a limited area on one side of the body (often in a stripe).
Individuals with gastric outlet obstruction will often have recurrent vomiting of food that has accumulated in the stomach, but which cannot pass into the small intestine due to the obstruction.
Arthroscopy (also called arthroscopic surgery) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure in which an examination and sometimes treatment of damage of the interior of a joint is performed.
Edema, formerly known as dropsy or hydropsy, is an abnormal accumulation of fluid beneath the skin or in one or more cavities of the body that produces swelling.
A corneal ulcer, or ulcerative keratitis, or eyesore is an inflammatory or more seriously, infective condition of the cornea involving disruption of its epithelial layer with involvement of the corneal stroma.
A bruise, also called a contusion, is a type of relatively minor hematoma of tissue in which capillaries and sometimes venules are damaged by trauma, allowing blood to seep into the surrounding interstitial tissues.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI), or magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to visualize detailed internal structures.
Angina pectoris, commonly known as angina, is severe chest pain due to ischemia (a lack of blood, thus a lack of oxygen supply) of the heart muscle, generally due to obstruction or spasm of the coronary arteries (the heart's blood vessels).
Diabetes mellitus, often simply referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar, either because the body does not produce enough insulin, or because cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced.
A Caesarean section, (also C-section, Caesarian section, Cesarean section, Caesar, etc.) is a surgical procedure in which one or more incisions are made through a mother's abdomen (laparotomy) and uterus (hysterotomy) to deliver one or more babies.
Lithotomy is a surgical method for removal of calculi, stones formed inside certain hollow organs, such as the kidneys (kidney stones), bladder (bladder stones), and gallbladder (gallstones), that cannot exit naturally through the urinary system or biliary tract.
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An arthroscope, a type of endoscope, is inserted into the joint through a small incision during arthroscopy.
A craniotomy is a surgical operation in which a bone flap is temporarily removed from the skull to access the brain.
Chickenpox or chicken pox is a highly contagious illness caused by primary infection with varicella zoster virus.
A hematoma is a localized collection of blood outside the blood vessels.
Bronchoscopy is a technique of visualizing the inside of the airways for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
The uterus or womb is a major female hormone-responsive reproductive sex organ of most mammals, including humans.
X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a medical imaging method employing tomography created by computer processing.
Pus is a whitish-yellow, yellow, or yellow-brown exudate produced by vertebrates during inflammatory pyogenic bacterial infections.
The removal of an ovary together with the fallopian tube is called
salpingo-oophorectomy or unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.
Septoplasty is a corrective surgical procedure done to straighten the nasal septum, the partition between the two nasal cavities.
Tinnitus is the perception of sound (possibly a ‘ringing’ sound) within the human ear (in the absence of corresponding external sound).
The clouding of the eye caused by a cataract can vary in degree from slight to complete opacity and obstructing the passage of light.
Laparoscopy is an operation performed in the abdomen or pelvis through small incisions (usually 0.5–1.5 cm) with the aid of a camera.
A laparotomy is a surgical procedure involving a large incision through the abdominal wall to gain access into the abdominal cavity.
Mammography is the process of using low-energy x-rays to examine the human breast and is used as a diagnostic and a screening tool.
Fibromyalgia is a medical disorder characterized by chronic widespread pain and allodynia, a heightened and painful response to pressure.
Colonoscopy is similar to, but not the same as, sigmoidoscopy. The difference being related to which parts of the colon are examined.
Rhinitis, commonly known as a stuffy nose, is the medical term describing irritation and inflammation of some internal areas of the nose.
Malignancy is the tendency of a medical condition, such as a tumour, to become progressively worse and to potentially result in death.
Inflammation is part of the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants.
A sigmoidoscopy is often used as a screening procedure for a full colonoscopy, often done in conjunction with a fecal occult blood test (FOBT).
In anatomy, pronation is a rotational movement of the forearm at the radioulnar joint, or of the foot at the subtalar and talocalcaneonavicular joints.
Fever (also known as pyrexia or controlled hyperthermia) is a common medical sign characterized by an elevation of temperature above the normal.
A kidney stone, also known as a renal calculus is a solid concretion or crystal aggregation formed in the kidneys from dietary minerals in the urine.
An episiotomy, also known as perineotomy, is a surgically planned incision on the perineum and the posterior vaginal wall during the second stage of labour.
Supination is a position of either the forearm or foot; in the forearm when the palm faces anteriorly, or faces up (when the arms are unbent and at the sides).
Orthopedic surgery or orthopedics is the branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system.
Bleeding, technically known as hemorrhaging is the loss of blood or blood escape from the circulatory system.
In anatomy, the prone position is a position of the body lying face down.
Augmentation mammoplasty is the enlarging of the breasts via implants.
‘Benign’ is a medical term used to describe a condition that is harmless.
An otoscope or auriscope is a medical device, which is used to look into the ears.
A biopsy is a medical test involving the removal of cells or tissues for
examination.
The vas deferens transport sperm from the epididymis in anticipation of
ejaculation.
A cataract is a clouding that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye or in its
envelope.
Cushing syndrome is a hormone disorder caused by high levels of cortisol in the
blood.
Measles, also known as rubeola, is an infection of the respiratory system caused
by a virus.
Cholangiography is the imaging of the bile duct (also known as the biliary tree) by
x-rays.
Carcinoma is the medical term for the most common type of cancer occurring in
humans.
Laparoscopy can either be used to inspect and diagnose a condition or to
perform surgery.
The vas deferens, also called ductus deferens, is part of the male anatomy of
many vertebrates.
Adduction is a movement which brings a part of the anatomy closer to the sagittal
plane of the body.
Inflammation is not a synonym for infection, even in cases where inflammation is
caused by infection.
Excision means ‘removal by cutting’.
The opposite of benign is malignant.
Swelling is the enlargement of tissue.
Cystitis is a term that refers to inflammation of the bladder.
Laparotomy is also known as coeliotomy.
Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder.
Oophorectomy surgery is also called ovariectomy.
Alopecia means loss of hair from the head or body.
The epididymis is part of the male reproductive system.
Polypectomy is the medical term for the removal of a polyp.
Oophorectomy is the surgical removal of an ovary or ovaries.
Menstruation is the shedding of the uterine lining (endometrium).
Colonoscopy can remove polyps as small as one millimetre or less.
Otitis media is inflammation of the middle ear, or a middle ear infection.
