23.2: Carbonyl Condensations versus Alpha Substitution - Steven Farmer, Dietmar Kennepohl, & Layne Morsch

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In a carbonyl condensation a catalytic amount of base is used to generate only a small amount of the enolate ion. Most of the carbonyl compound is unreacted and can react with the enolate. During the reaction the base catalyst is regenerated which can then produce more enolate ion and continue the cycle.

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